EXXO TEST electrical components Germany EXXO TEST model EXXO TEST price

EXXO TEST electrical components are instruments that measure by converting high primary current to low secondary current based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary winding has very few turns and is connected in series in the circuit where the current needs to be measured. Therefore, it often carries the full current of the line. The secondary winding has many turns and is connected in series in measuring instruments and protection circuits. When the current transformer is in operation, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the coils in series with the measuring instruments and protection circuits is very small, and the operating state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit. The current transformer converts high primary current to low secondary current for measurement; the secondary side must not be open-circuited. The principle of the current transformer is based on electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary winding has very few turns and is connected in series in the circuit where the current needs to be measured, so it often carries the full current of the line. The secondary winding has many turns and is connected in series in measuring instruments and protection circuits. When the current transformer is in operation, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the coils in series with the measuring instruments and protection circuits is very small, and the operating state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit.

EXXO TEST electrical components composition

A two-terminal electronic component made of resistive material, with a specific structural form, that functions to limit current flow in a circuit. Those with unchangeable resistance are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance are called potentiometers or variable resistors. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Some special resistors, such as thermistors, varistors, and sensitive elements, have a non-linear relationship between voltage and current. Resistors are the most numerous components used in electronic circuits, typically forming different series based on power and resistance values for selection by circuit designers. In circuits, resistors are mainly used to adjust and stabilize current and voltage, serving as shunts and voltage dividers, and can also act as matched loads for circuits. Depending on circuit requirements, they can also be used for negative or positive feedback in amplifier circuits, voltage-to-current conversion, voltage or current protection during input overload, and can form RC circuits to serve as oscillation, filtering, bypass, differentiation, integration, and time constant elements, etc.

EXXO TEST electrical components principle

1, Emitter emits electrons to the base: Power supply Ub is applied across the emitter junction via resistor Rb, forward-biasing the emitter junction. The majority carriers (free electrons) in the emitter region continuously cross the emitter junction into the base region, forming the emitter current Ie. At the same time, majority carriers in the base region also diffuse toward the emitter region, but since their concentration is far lower than that of the emitter region carriers, this current can be neglected; thus, the emitter junction current is considered primarily electron flow. 2, Diffusion and recombination of electrons in the base region: After entering the base region, electrons first accumulate near the emitter junction, gradually forming an electron concentration gradient. Under the influence of this gradient, electron flow diffuses through the base region toward the collector junction and is pulled into the collector region by the collector junction electric field, forming the collector current Ic. A very small portion of electrons (because the base region is very thin) recombine with holes in the base region; the ratio of diffused electron flow to recombined electron flow determines the amplification capability of the transistor. 7, Collector region collects electrons: Due to the large reverse voltage applied externally to the collector junction, the electric field force generated by this reverse voltage prevents electrons in the collector region from diffusing into the base region, while simultaneously pulling electrons that have diffused near the collector junction into the collector region, thereby forming the main collector current Icn. Additionally, minority carriers (holes) in the collector region undergo drift motion, flowing toward the base region to form the reverse saturation current, denoted by Icbo, which has a very small value but is extremely sensitive to temperature.

EXXO TEST electrical components composition

Internal accessories of circuit breakers: Auxiliary contacts are contacts mechanically linked to the opening and closing mechanism of the circuit breaker's main circuit, mainly used to indicate the open/closed status of the circuit breaker. Connected in the control circuit of the circuit breaker, they implement control or interlocking of related electrical devices through the opening and closing of the circuit breaker. Alarm contacts are used for accident alarms in circuit breakers, and these contacts only operate after the circuit breaker trips and opens. They are mainly used when the load on the circuit breaker experiences faults such as overload, short circuit, or undervoltage, causing free tripping. The alarm contact switches from its normally open position to a closed position, connecting indicator lights, bells, buzzers, etc., in the auxiliary circuit to display or alert to the fault trip status of the circuit breaker. Since the probability of free tripping due to load faults is relatively low. Shunt release: A shunt release is a release mechanism excited by a voltage source, whose voltage is independent of the main circuit voltage. A shunt release is an accessory for remote opening operation. When the power supply voltage is any value between 70% and 110% of the rated control power supply voltage, the circuit breaker can reliably open. The shunt release operates on a short-time duty cycle; the coil energization time generally must not exceed 1S, otherwise the coil will burn out. To prevent coil burnout in molded case circuit breakers, a microswitch is connected in series with the shunt release coil. When the shunt release engages via the armature, the microswitch switches from normally closed to normally open. Since the control circuit for the shunt release power is cut off, even if the button is manually held down, the shunt coil will not be energized, thus avoiding coil damage. When the circuit breaker is reset and closed again, the microswitch returns to the normally closed position. Undervoltage release: An undervoltage release is a release mechanism that causes the circuit breaker to open with or without delay when its terminal voltage drops to a specified range. Under thermal conditions, it should ensure reliable closing of the circuit breaker. Therefore, when a certain voltage drop occurs in the power supply voltage of the protected circuit, it can automatically open the circuit breaker to cut off power, protecting downstream load appliances or electrical equipment from damage due to undervoltage. During use, the undervoltage release coil is connected to the power side of the circuit breaker; the circuit breaker can only be closed after the undervoltage release is energized.

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