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finder electrical components are switches controlled by electromagnets, that is, a combination of an electromagnet and a switch. When the electromagnet coil is energized, it generates electromagnetic attraction, causing the movable iron core to push or pull the switch contacts to close, thereby connecting the controlled circuit. Electromagnetic switches are widely used in various industries, most commonly as contactors in the industrial sector. An electromagnetic switch is the control switch on a starter motor and is one of the three major components of a starter motor (DC motor, transmission engagement mechanism, electromagnetic switch). Its working principle is that the coil generates electromagnetic attraction after being energized, causing the movable iron core to move, thereby on one hand pulling the transmission engagement mechanism to move the starter pinion forward to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear, and on the other hand pushing the switch contacts to connect, causing the DC motor to be energized and operate, thereby driving the engine to start.

finder electrical component principle

Photoelectric sensors generally consist of 2 parts: processing channels and processing elements. Their basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured quantity into changes in optical signals, and then further converting non-electrical signals into electrical signals using photoelectric elements. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where light irradiating an object can be viewed as a series of photons with certain energy bombarding the object. At this time, the photon energy is transferred to electrons, and the entire energy of one photon is absorbed by one electron at once. After the electron receives the energy transmitted by the photon, its state changes, causing the corresponding electrical effect in the object exposed to light. The photoelectric effect is usually divided into 4 categories: ① The phenomenon where electrons overflow from the surface of an object under the action of light is called the external photoelectric effect, such as in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes; ② The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under the action of light is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as in photoresistors and phototransistors; ③ The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a certain direction under the action of light is called the photovoltaic effect, such as in photocells. Photoelectric detection methods have advantages such as high precision, fast response, and non-contact operation, and can measure many parameters. The sensor structure is simple and flexible in form, so photoelectric sensors are very widely used in detection and control. Photoelectric sensors are key components for achieving photoelectric conversion in various photoelectric detection systems; they are devices that convert optical signals (visible and ultraviolet laser light) into electrical signals. Photoelectric sensors use photoelectric devices as conversion elements. They can be used to detect non-electrical physical quantities that directly cause changes in light quantity, such as light intensity, illuminance, radiation temperature measurement, gas composition analysis, etc.; they can also be used to detect other non-electrical quantities that can be converted into changes in light quantity, such as part diameter, surface roughness, strain, displacement, vibration, speed, acceleration, as well as object shape and working status recognition. Photoelectric sensors have characteristics such as non-contact operation, fast response, and reliable performance, so they are widely used in industrial automation devices and robots. New photoelectric devices continue to emerge, especially the birth of CCD image sensors, which has opened a new chapter for the further application of photoelectric sensors.

finder electrical component principle

LCD is a display that uses liquid crystal as the material. Liquid crystals are a class of organic compounds between solid and liquid states. At room temperature, they exhibit both the fluidity of liquids and the optical anisotropy of crystals. Heating turns them into a transparent liquid state, and cooling turns them into a crystalline opaque solid state. Under the action of an electric field, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules changes, affecting the intensity of incident light beams passing through the liquid crystal. This change in light intensity is further manifested as a change in brightness through the action of polarizers. Based on this, controlling the electric field of the liquid crystal can achieve changes in light brightness, thereby achieving the purpose of information display. Therefore, the role of liquid crystal materials is similar to small "light valves." Since there are control circuits and drive circuits around the liquid crystal material, when electrodes in the LCD generate an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules twist, thereby regularly refracting the light passing through them (optical rotation of liquid crystal materials), which is then filtered by the second layer of polarizer and displayed on the screen. It is worth noting that because liquid crystal materials do not emit light themselves, LCD usually requires an additional light source configured for the display panel. The main light source system is called the "backlight module," in which the backlight plate is composed of fluorescent substances that can emit light, primarily providing a uniform backlight source.

finder electrical component composition

A two-terminal electronic component made of resistive material, with a certain structural form, that plays a role in limiting current flow in a circuit. Those with unchangeable resistance values are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance values are called potentiometers or variable resistors. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Some special resistors, such as thermistors, varistors, and sensitive elements, have a non-linear relationship between voltage and current. Resistors are the most numerous components used in electronic circuits and are usually formed into different series according to power and resistance values for circuit designers to select. In circuits, resistors are mainly used to adjust and stabilize current and voltage, and can serve as shunts and voltage dividers, or as circuit matching loads. According to circuit requirements, they can also be used for negative or positive feedback in amplifier circuits, voltage-current conversion, voltage or current protection components during input overload, and can form RC circuits to serve as oscillation, filtering, bypass, differentiation, integration, and time constant elements, etc.

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