flexa electrical components German flexa models flexa prices

flexa electrical components are current-limiting elements. When a resistor is connected in a circuit, its resistance is generally fixed with two pins, limiting the current through the branch it is connected to. Resistors with unchangeable resistance are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance are called potentiometers or variable resistors. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through it is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistors used for voltage division have one or two movable metal contacts pressed tightly against the exposed resistive body. The position of the contact determines the resistance between either end of the resistive body and the contact. A two-terminal device where terminal voltage and current have a definite functional relationship, reflecting the ability to convert electrical energy into other forms, is represented by the letter R, with the unit Ohm (Ω). Actual devices such as light bulbs, heating wires, and resistors can all be represented as resistor components. The resistance value is generally related to temperature, material, length, and cross-sectional area. The physical quantity measuring the effect of temperature on resistance is the temperature coefficient, defined as the percentage change in resistance when the temperature increases by 1 ℃. The main physical characteristic of a resistor is converting electrical energy into thermal energy; it is an energy-consuming component that generates internal energy when current passes through it. Resistors typically serve to divide voltage and current in circuits. For signals, both AC and DC signals can pass through resistors.

flexa electrical component principles

Its operating principle is the same as that of a transformer, with a basic structure consisting of an iron core and primary and secondary windings. It is characterized by a very small and relatively constant capacity, operating close to no-load conditions during normal operation. The impedance of the voltage transformer itself is very small; once a short circuit occurs on the secondary side, the current will increase sharply and burn out the coil. For this reason, fuses are connected to the primary side of the voltage transformer, and the secondary side is reliably grounded to prevent high potential to ground on the secondary side in case of insulation damage between the primary and secondary sides, which could cause personal injury and equipment accidents. Voltage transformers for measurement are generally made with a single-phase double-coil structure. The primary voltage is the voltage to be measured (such as the line voltage in a power system). They can be used in single phase, or two units can be connected in V-V configuration for three-phase use. Voltage transformers used in laboratories often have multiple taps on the primary side to accommodate the need to measure different voltages. Voltage transformers for protective grounding also include a third coil, known as a three-coil voltage transformer. The third coils of the three phases are connected in an open-delta configuration, with the two output terminals of the open delta connected to the voltage coil of the grounding protection relay. During normal operation, the three-phase voltages of the power system are symmetrical, and the sum of the three-phase induced electromotive forces on the third coil is zero. Once a single-phase ground fault occurs, neutral point displacement occurs, and zero-sequence voltage appears between the terminals of the open delta, causing the relay to operate and thus protecting the power system. When zero-sequence voltage appears in the coil, corresponding zero-sequence flux appears in the iron core. Therefore, this type of three-phase voltage transformer uses a side-yoke iron core or three single-phase voltage transformers. For this type of transformer, the accuracy requirement for the third coil is not high, but it requires certain over-excitation characteristics (i.e., when the primary voltage increases, the magnetic flux density in the iron core increases by a corresponding factor without damage). Voltage transformers are indispensable electrical devices in power transmission and supply systems such as power plants and substations. Precision voltage transformers are instruments used in electrical testing laboratories to extend measurement ranges and measure voltage, power, and energy. Voltage transformers are very similar to transformers, both being used to transform voltage on lines. Why is voltage transformation needed on lines? This is because, depending on the different conditions of generation, transmission, and consumption, the voltage levels on lines vary greatly, ranging from low voltages such as 220V and 380V to high voltages of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts. To directly measure these low and high voltages, corresponding low-voltage and high-voltage voltmeters and other instruments and relays would need to be manufactured according to the line voltage levels. This would not only create significant difficulties in instrument manufacturing, but more importantly, it is impossible and absolutely prohibited to directly manufacture high-voltage instruments and measure voltage directly on high-voltage lines.

flexa electrical component structure

Three basic configurations of fiber optic sensor networks. There are three basic configurations of fiber optic sensor networks, one of which is called the single-point sensor. Here, a single fiber serves only as a transmission medium. Another type is the multi-point sensor, where a single fiber connects many sensors in series, allowing many sensors to share a light source for networked monitoring. Then there is the intelligent fiber optic sensor. Multi-point fiber optic sensors look like a section of grating from the outside, with periodic intervals discovered through ultraviolet irradiation. When light enters the fiber, if the wavelength of the light is exactly twice the interval, the light wave will be strongly reflected. If the fiber is subjected to temperature changes or strain, this reflection wavelength will change. Many such sensors can be made on a single fiber, and connecting them allows for various sensing applications. Because fiber is flexible, it can be arranged in two or three dimensions, so the horizontal axis represents spatial position, and the vertical axis represents the measurement object. What problems does such a sensor network solve? It solves the problem of what happened at what location and with what intensity, providing two-dimensional information. This is the problem that intelligent fiber optic sensors need to solve. They have very prominent requirements, including small size, high strength, good stability, and embeddability in materials. They are resistant to electromagnetic interference and environmentally durable.

flexa electrical component characteristics

Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the change in output to the change in input under steady-state operating conditions of a sensor. It is the slope of the output-input characteristic curve. If the output and input of the sensor exhibit a linear relationship, then the sensitivity S is a constant. Otherwise, it will vary with changes in the input. The dimension of sensitivity is the ratio of the dimensions of the output and input quantities. When the dimensions of the output and input quantities are the same, sensitivity can be understood as the amplification factor. Increasing sensitivity yields higher measurement precision. However, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range, and often the poorer the stability.

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