Frizlen electrical components Germany Frizlen model Frizlen price

Frizlen electrical components are one of the earliest types of electrical signal amplification devices. The cathode electron emission part, control grid, accelerating grid, and anode (plate) leads, enclosed in a glass container (usually a glass tube), are welded to the tube base. An electric field is used to inject electrons into the control grid in a vacuum to modulate the signal, and different parameter signal data after signal amplification or feedback oscillation are obtained at the anode. Early applications included electronic products such as televisions, radios, and loudspeakers. They were later gradually replaced by amplifiers and integrated circuits made from semiconductor materials, but in some high-fidelity audio equipment, vacuum tubes with low noise and high stability coefficients are still used as audio power amplification devices (in Hong Kong, vacuum tube power amplifiers are known as "tube amplifiers").

Frizlen electrical component parameters

1. Nominal varistor voltage: refers to the voltage value across the varistor when a pulse current of specified duration passes through it. 2. Voltage ratio: refers to the ratio of the voltage value generated by the current of the varistor to the voltage value generated by the current of the varistor. 3. Maximum limiting voltage: the peak voltage across the varistor under the maximum pulse peak current Ip that the varistor can withstand and under a specified waveform. 4. Residual voltage ratio: when the current passing through the varistor is a certain value, the voltage generated across it is called the residual voltage for this current value. The residual voltage ratio is the ratio of the residual voltage to the nominal voltage. 5. Surge current capacity: Surge current capacity, also known as surge current, refers to the maximum pulse current value allowed to pass through the varistor under specified conditions. 6. Leakage current: Leakage current, also known as standby current, refers to the current flowing through the varistor at a specified temperature and maximum DC voltage. 7. Voltage temperature coefficient: refers to the rate of change of the nominal voltage of the varistor within a specified temperature range, i.e., the relative change in voltage across the varistor when the temperature changes while the current passing through the varistor remains constant. 8. Current temperature coefficient: refers to the relative change in current flowing through the varistor when the temperature changes while the voltage across the varistor remains constant. 9. Voltage nonlinearity coefficient: refers to the ratio of the static resistance value to the dynamic resistance value of the varistor under a given applied voltage. 10. Insulation resistance: refers to the resistance value between the lead wires of the varistor and the insulated surface of the resistor body. 11. Static capacitance: refers to the inherent capacitive capacity of the varistor itself. 12. Rated power: the maximum power that causes a change in varistor voltage when operating at a specific ambient temperature. 19. Maximum impulse current: the maximum impulse current that causes a change in varistor voltage when the varistor is subjected to a specific pulse current impulse once or twice.

Frizlen electrical component classification

Fuses can be divided into high-voltage fuses and low-voltage fuses according to the operating voltage. According to the protected object, they can be divided into fuses for protecting transformers and general electrical equipment, fuses for protecting voltage transformers, fuses for protecting power capacitors, fuses for protecting semiconductor components, fuses for protecting motors, and fuses for protecting household appliances. According to structure, they can be divided into open-type, semi-enclosed, cartridge, and expulsion fuses. Open-type fuses have a simple structure, with the fusible element completely exposed to the air and supported by ceramic posts without bases, suitable for low-voltage outdoor use. Significant audible and visual effects are produced in the atmosphere when interrupting current. In semi-enclosed fuses, the fusible element is mounted on a ceramic frame and inserted into a ceramic box with metal sockets at both ends, suitable for low-voltage indoor use. The audible and visual effects produced during current interruption are blocked by the ceramic box. In cartridge fuses, the fusible element is installed inside the fuse body. It is then inserted into a base or directly connected to the circuit for use. The fuse element is a fully sealed insulating tube with metal caps or contact blades at both ends. If the insulating tube of this type of fuse is filled with quartz sand, it has a current-limiting effect when interrupting current, which can greatly improve the breaking capacity, so it is also called a high-breaking-capacity fuse. If the tube is evacuated, it is called a vacuum fuse. If the tube is filled with SF6 gas, it is called an SF6 fuse, the purpose of which is to improve arc extinguishing performance. Since quartz sand, vacuum, and SF15 gas all have good insulation properties, this type of fuse is suitable for both low voltage and high voltage. Expulsion fuses have the fusible element installed in an insulating tube made of solid gas-generating material. The solid gas-generating material can be electrical anti-white cardboard or organic glass material. When a short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, the element melts immediately, producing an electric arc. The high-temperature arc causes the solid gas-generating material to rapidly decompose, producing a large amount of high-pressure gas, which ejects the ionized gas with the electric arc from both ends of the tube, emitting significant audible and visual effects, and extinguishes the arc when the AC current crosses zero, thereby interrupting the current. The insulating tube is usually mounted on an insulating support to form the complete fuse. Sometimes the upper end of the insulating tube is made movable, detaching and dropping immediately after current interruption. This type of expulsion fuse is commonly known as a drop-out fuse.

Frizlen electrical component classification

① The PN junction contact area of point-contact diodes is small, so they cannot pass large forward currents or withstand high reverse voltages, but they have good high-frequency performance and are suitable for use in high-frequency detection circuits and switching circuits. ② The PN junction contact area of surface-contact diodes is large, allowing them to pass larger currents and withstand higher reverse voltages, making them suitable for use in rectifier circuits. ③ When planar diodes are used as switching tubes in pulse digital circuits, the PN junction area is small; when used for high-power rectification, the PN junction area is larger. ④ A Zener diode is a special type of surface-contact semiconductor silicon diode that has a voltage stabilization function. The main difference between a Zener diode and a standard diode is that the Zener diode operates in the reverse breakdown state of the PN junction. By implementing process measures during manufacturing and limiting the magnitude of the reverse current during use, it is ensured that the Zener diode will not be damaged by overheating in the reverse breakdown state. Unlike standard diodes, the reverse breakdown of a Zener diode is reversible; as long as the current does not exceed the allowable value for the Zener diode, the PN junction will not be damaged by overheating. When the external reverse voltage is removed, the Zener diode restores its original performance, so Zener diodes have good repetitive breakdown characteristics. ⑤ Photodiodes, also known as photosensitive diodes, have a glass window on their casing to facilitate light reception. Their characteristic is that when light shines on their PN junction, free electrons and holes are generated in pairs, increasing the concentration of minority carriers in the semiconductor. Under a certain reverse bias voltage, this causes the reverse current to increase. Therefore, their reverse current increases linearly with increasing light intensity. When there is no light, the volt-ampere characteristics of a photodiode are the same as those of a standard diode. As light-controlled components, photodiodes can be used for various object detection, photoelectric control, and automatic alarm applications. When made into large-area photodiodes, they can serve as an energy source and are called solar cells. In this case, they do not require an external power supply and can directly convert light energy into electrical energy. ⑥ Light-emitting diodes are semiconductor solid-state display devices that directly convert electrical energy into light energy, abbreviated as LED. Similar to standard diodes, light-emitting diodes are also composed of a PN structure. The PN junction of a light-emitting diode is encapsulated in a transparent plastic shell, with shapes including square, rectangular, and circular. Light-emitting diodes have advantages such as low drive voltage, small operating current, strong resistance to vibration and shock, small size, high reliability, low power consumption, and long service life, and are widely used in signal indication circuits. In electronic technology, the commonly used numeric displays operate on a principle opposite to that of photodiodes. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased and current passes through it, it emits light, which is the result of energy release when electrons and holes recombine directly. Its spectral range is relatively narrow, and its wavelength depends on the basic material used.

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