gmc-i messtechnik electrical components Germany gmc-i messtechnik model gmc-i messtechnik price

gmc-i messtechnik electrical components are components of electronic elements and small machines and instruments. They themselves often consist of several parts and can be used interchangeably in similar products. They often refer to certain parts in the electrical, radio, and instrumentation industries, and are a general term for electronic devices such as capacitors, transistors, hairsprings, and mainsprings. Common examples include diodes. Electronic components include: resistors, capacitors, inductors, potentiometers, electron tubes, heat sinks, electromechanical components, connectors, semiconductor discrete devices, electroacoustic devices, laser devices, electronic display devices, optoelectronic devices, sensors, power supplies, switches, micromotors, electronic transformers, relays, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, various circuits, piezoelectric, crystals, quartz, ceramic magnetic materials, substrate boards for printed circuits, special materials for electronic functional processes, electronic adhesive (tape) products, electronic chemical materials and parts, etc.

gmc-i messtechnik electrical component features

The self-resetting fuse is characterized by a high breaking current capacity and can interrupt alternating current, and even higher currents. This type of fuse has a very significant current-limiting effect; when the instantaneous current reaches close to 173 kA, it can rapidly limit the current. The structure of the self-resetting fuse mainly consists of current terminals (also called electrodes), mica glass (filler), insulating tube, fusible element, piston, argon gas, and housing. The housing of the self-resetting fuse is generally made of stainless steel. The stainless steel sleeve is separated from the internal beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube by mica glass, which serves as both filler and insulator. The self-resetting fuse operates based on the characteristic of sodium metal, whose resistance increases sharply at high temperatures. Under normal operating conditions, current flows from the left current terminal, through the sodium metal fusible element in the fine holes of the beryllium oxide ceramic insulating tube, to the right current terminal, forming a current path. When a short-circuit fault occurs, the short-circuit current heats the sodium metal, vaporizing it into a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma state, which sharply increases its resistance, thereby achieving current limiting. At this time, the high pressure generated by the vaporization of the fusible element pushes the piston to the right, compressing the argon gas. After the circuit breaker interrupts the short-circuit current limited by the self-resetting fuse, the temperature of the sodium vapor drops, and the pressure decreases accordingly. The previously compressed argon gas condenses back into liquid and solid states, and its resistance value decreases to the original value, making it ready for reuse. Regarding the wiring of the self-resetting fuse, it is often used in series with a circuit breaker, with an additional resistor connected in parallel to suppress overvoltage during interruption. During normal operation, the self-resetting fuse is in a low-resistance state, and only a small current flows through the parallel resistor. When a fault occurs in the line, the self-resetting fuse enters a high-resistance state. The parallel resistor can absorb the resulting overvoltage and maintain the operating current required for the circuit breaker trip unit, ensuring reliable interruption by the circuit breaker. Therefore, the current interrupted by the circuit breaker is actually the current-limited current of the self-resetting fuse.

gmc-i messtechnik electrical component functions

The starter solenoid switch is a key component of the starter, and the design quality of the solenoid switch directly affects the reliability of the starter. The starter solenoid switch has two functions: one is to connect the main circuit to make the starter rotate, and the other is to push the drive gear out via the shift fork to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear. Therefore, the solenoid switch is required to have corresponding suction force, corresponding stroke, and contacts that can reliably connect and disconnect large currents. Additionally, it is required to minimize volume and weight as much as possible. Based on these characteristics, the contact structure of the solenoid switch generally adopts a contact form, i.e., the moving contact is made into a bridge shape or disc shape to provide a larger heat dissipation surface and thermal capacity. The magnetic system mostly adopts a solenoid electromagnet structure to meet the requirements of corresponding stroke, corresponding suction force, small volume, and light weight. The moving iron core of the solenoid switch can move smoothly in the brass bushing equipped with a solenoid coil. The moving iron core pull rod is connected to the shift fork unidirectional clutch. Under the action of the return spring, the moving iron core remains in the non-operating initial position. During starting, the starter drive gear needs to move forward by approximately 12-30mm, so when the solenoid switch begins to engage, a large magnetomotive force is needed to generate the necessary initial suction force. After engagement, the air gap decreases, and the electromagnetic suction force increases sharply, far exceeding the force required to maintain the engaged state. For this reason, the solenoid switch uses two coils (pull-in coil and hold-in coil). Initially, both the pull-in coil and the hold-in coil jointly generate electromagnetic suction force. After the switch contacts engage, the pull-in coil automatically disengages from the operating state, and only the hold-in coil maintains the switch in the engaged state. The hold-in coil current is relatively small and can be wound with thinner wire, which not only reduces the volume of the solenoid switch but also achieves reasonable suction force matching. To ensure the reliability of the starter, it is necessary to focus on controlling the design quality of the solenoid switch.

gmc-i messtechnik electrical component parameters

1. Stable voltage refers to the stable voltage value generated across the Zener diode when it passes the rated current. This value changes slightly with different operating currents and temperatures. Due to differences in manufacturing processes, the stable voltage values of Zener diodes of the same model are not completely consistent. 2. Reverse leakage current refers to the current value passing through the Zener diode when it generates a stable voltage. Below this value, although the Zener diode can still regulate voltage, the regulation effect will deteriorate; above this value, as long as the rated power loss is not exceeded, it is allowed, and the voltage regulation performance will be better, but it will consume more electrical energy. 3. Dynamic resistance refers to the ratio of the voltage change to the current change across the Zener diode. This ratio changes with different operating currents; generally, the larger the operating current, the smaller the dynamic resistance. 4. Rated power consumption is determined by the allowable temperature rise of the chip, and its value is the product of the stable voltage and the maximum allowable current. 5. Temperature coefficient: If the temperature of the Zener diode changes, its stable voltage will also undergo slight changes. The relative change in voltage across the tube caused by a temperature change of 1℃ is the temperature coefficient (unit: %/℃). Generally speaking, stable voltages below 6V belong to Zener breakdown, and the temperature coefficient is negative; the temperature coefficient is positive. When the temperature rises, the depletion layer decreases. In the depletion layer, the valence electrons of atoms rise to higher energy levels, and a smaller electric field strength can excite valence electrons from atoms to produce Zener breakdown, so its temperature coefficient is negative. Avalanche breakdown occurs when the depletion layer is wider and the electric field strength is lower. An increase in temperature increases the vibration amplitude of lattice atoms, hindering the movement of carriers. In this case, only by increasing the reverse voltage can avalanche breakdown occur, so the voltage temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown is positive. For occasions with high requirements for power supplies, two Zener diodes with opposite temperature coefficients can be connected in series for compensation. Due to mutual compensation, the temperature coefficient is greatly reduced. 14. Reverse leakage current refers to the leakage current generated by the Zener diode under the specified reverse voltage.

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