heitec electrical components Germany heitec model heitec price

heitec electrical components are accessory products used to achieve electrical connections, categorized industrially as connectors. As industrial automation levels rise and industrial control requirements become increasingly strict and precise, the usage of terminal blocks is gradually increasing. With the development of the electronics industry, the scope of application for terminal blocks is expanding, and the variety is growing. Besides PCB board terminals, the most widely used types include hardware terminals, nut terminals, spring terminals, and more.

heitec electrical components function

Low-power resistors are typically composed of carbon film encapsulated in a plastic housing, while high-power resistors are usually wirewound resistors, made by winding metal wire with high resistivity around a ceramic core. If a resistor's resistance value is close to zero ohms (for example, a large-cross-section conductor between two points), the resistor offers no obstruction to current, and the circuit parallel to this resistor is short-circuited, resulting in infinite current. If a resistor has infinite or very high resistance, the circuit series-connected with this resistor can be regarded as an open circuit, with zero current. Resistors commonly used in industry fall between these two extremes; they have a certain resistance and allow a certain amount of current to pass, but the current is not as high as in a short circuit. The current-limiting function of a resistor is similar to that of a small-diameter pipe connected between two large-diameter pipes restricting water flow. Resistance, usually abbreviated as R, is a fundamental property of a conductor, related to the conductor's size, material, and temperature. Ohm's law states that I = U/R, so R = U/I. The basic unit of resistance is the ohm, represented by the Greek letter "Ω". It is defined as the resistance corresponding to one ampere of current generated when one volt of voltage is applied across a conductor. The main function of a resistor is to obstruct current flow. In fact, "resistance" refers to a property, while "resistor" in electronic products usually refers to the component itself. Ohm is often abbreviated as "Oh". Common units for expressing resistance values also include kilo-ohm (kΩ), mega-ohm (MΩ), and milli-ohm (m Ω).

heitec electrical components principle

Mainly consists of LC circuits composed of capacitors and inductors, producing free oscillation through the mutual conversion of electric field energy and magnetic field energy. To maintain oscillation, an amplifier circuit with positive feedback is required. LC oscillators are further divided into transformer-coupled and three-point oscillators. Many applications use quartz crystal oscillators, and there are also LC oscillators composed of integrated operational amplifiers. Since component parameters cannot be perfectly identical, the state of the two transistors changes at the moment of power-on. This change becomes increasingly intense due to positive feedback, leading to a quasi-stable state. During the quasi-stable period, the other transistor gradually charges via the capacitor and then conducts or cuts off, causing the state to flip and reaching another quasi-stable state. This cycle repeats to form oscillation.

heitec electrical components classification

Thermosensitive materials are generally divided into three categories: semiconductor, metal, and alloy: 1. Semiconductor thermistor materials include single-crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and metal oxides. They all have very large resistance temperature coefficients and high resistivity, resulting in high sensitivity for sensors made from them. Based on the resistance temperature coefficient, they can also be divided into negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials. For example, barium titanate ceramic is an ideal PTC semiconductor material. Both types of materials are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, switching circuits, overload protection, and time delay applications, such as in the manufacture of thermistor thermometers, thermistor switches, and thermistor delay relays. Due to the exponential relationship between resistance and temperature, the temperature measurement range is narrow and uniformity is poor. 2. Metal thermistor materials are widely used as thermal resistors for temperature measurement, current limiters, and automatic constant-temperature heating elements. Examples include platinum resistance thermometers, nickel resistance thermometers, and copper resistance thermometers. Among them, platinum temperature sensors exhibit significantly high precision and stability in various media (including corrosive media). However, their widespread application is limited by the scarcity and high price of platinum. Copper temperature sensors are cheaper, but long-term use in corrosive media can lead to significant changes in static characteristics and resistance values. Nickel temperature sensors are widely used abroad and are considered a relatively ideal material due to their high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and stability. 3. Alloy thermistor materials, also known as thermistor alloys. This type of alloy has high resistivity, and its resistance value is sensitive to temperature changes, making it a good material for manufacturing temperature-sensitive sensors. The performance requirements for thermistor alloys as temperature-sensitive sensors are as follows: (1) sufficiently high resistivity; (2) quite high resistance temperature coefficient; (3) linear expansion coefficient close to that of the experimental material; (4) small strain sensitivity coefficient; (16) good repeatability of the resistance-temperature curve during heating and cooling within the operating temperature range.

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