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idv electrical components refer to an electrical device that disconnects the circuit by melting the fuse element with the heat generated by itself when the current exceeds a specified value. A fuse is a current protection device made based on the principle that after the current exceeds the specified value for a period of time, the heat generated by itself melts the fuse element, thereby disconnecting the circuit. Fuses are widely used in high and low voltage distribution systems, control systems, and electrical equipment as short-circuit and overcurrent protectors, making them one of the most commonly used protective devices. A metal conductor is used as the fuse element connected in series in the circuit. When overload or short-circuit current passes through the fuse element, it melts due to self-heating, thereby interrupting the circuit. Fuses have a simple structure and are easy to use, and are widely used in power systems, various electrical equipment, and household appliances as protective devices.

idv electrical component functions

A multimeter can not only be used to measure the resistance of the object under test, but also AC and DC voltages, including DC voltage. Some multimeters can even measure the main parameters of transistors and the capacitance of capacitors. Proficient mastery of multimeter usage is one of the most basic skills in electronic technology. Common multimeters include analog multimeters and digital multimeters. An analog multimeter is a multifunctional measuring instrument with a meter head as the core component, and the measured value is read from the pointer indication of the meter head. The measured value of a digital multimeter is directly displayed in numerical form on an LCD screen, which is convenient to read, and some also have voice prompt functions. A multimeter is an instrument that integrates a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter using a common meter head. The DC current range of a multimeter is a multi-range DC ammeter. Connecting a shunt resistor in parallel with the meter head can expand its current range. The DC voltage range of a multimeter is a multi-range DC voltmeter. Connecting a voltage-divider resistor in series with the meter head can expand its voltage range. Different voltage-divider resistors correspond to different ranges. The meter head of a multimeter is a magnetoelectric measuring mechanism, which can only pass DC. Diodes are used to convert AC to DC, thereby enabling the measurement of AC electricity.

idv electrical component principles

A circuit breaker generally consists of a contact system, arc extinguishing system, operating mechanism, trip unit, and housing. During a short circuit, the magnetic field generated by the large current overcomes the reaction spring force, and the trip unit pulls the operating mechanism to act, causing the switch to trip instantaneously. During an overload, the current increases, heating intensifies, and the bimetallic strip deforms to a certain extent to push the mechanism into action (the greater the current, the shorter the action time). There are electronic types that use current transformers to collect the current magnitude of each phase, compare it with the set value, and when the current is abnormal, the microprocessor sends a signal to make the electronic trip unit drive the operating mechanism into action. The function of a circuit breaker is to cut off and connect load circuits, as well as to cut off fault circuits, prevent accidents from expanding, and ensure safe operation. Arc extinguishing is a problem that must be solved by high-voltage circuit breakers. The principle of blow-out arc extinguishing is mainly to cool the arc to weaken thermal ionization, and on the other hand, to lengthen the arc by blowing it to strengthen the recombination and diffusion of charged particles, while blowing away the charged particles in the arc gap to quickly restore the insulation strength of the medium. Low-voltage circuit breakers, also known as automatic air switches, can be used to connect and disconnect load circuits, and can also be used to control motors that do not start frequently. Its function is equivalent to the sum of part or all of the functions of electrical appliances such as knife switches, overcurrent relays, undervoltage relays, thermal relays, and leakage protectors, making it an important protective electrical appliance in low-voltage distribution networks. Low-voltage circuit breakers have multiple protection functions (overload, short-circuit, undervoltage protection, etc.), adjustable action values, high breaking capacity, convenient operation, safety, and other advantages, so they are widely used. Structure and working principle: Low-voltage circuit breakers consist of an operating mechanism, contacts, protection devices (various trip units), arc extinguishing systems, etc. The main contacts of a low-voltage circuit breaker are closed by manual operation or electric closing. After the main contacts are closed, the free-trip mechanism locks the main contacts in the closed position. The coil of the overcurrent trip unit and the heating element of the thermal trip unit are connected in series with the main circuit, and the coil of the undervoltage trip unit is connected in parallel with the power supply. When a short circuit or serious overload occurs in the circuit, the armature of the overcurrent trip unit attracts, causing the free-trip mechanism to act and the main contacts to disconnect the main circuit. When the circuit is overloaded, the heating element of the thermal trip unit heats up, causing the bimetallic strip to bend and push the free-trip mechanism into action. When the circuit voltage is too low, the armature of the undervoltage trip unit releases, also causing the free-trip mechanism to act. The shunt trip unit is used for remote control; during normal operation, its coil is de-energized. When remote control is needed, pressing the start button energizes the coil.

idv electrical component applications

Thermistors can also be used as electronic circuit components for temperature compensation in instrument circuits and cold junction temperature compensation for thermocouples. Utilizing the self-heating characteristics of NTC thermistors enables automatic gain control, forming RC oscillator amplitude stabilization circuits, delay circuits, and protection circuits. When the self-heating temperature is much higher than the ambient temperature, the resistance is also related to the heat dissipation conditions of the environment. Therefore, this characteristic of thermistors is often utilized in flow meters, flowmeters, gas analyzers, and thermal conductivity analysis to create specialized detection elements. PTC thermistors are mainly used for overheat protection of electrical equipment, contactless relays, constant temperature control, automatic gain control, motor starting, time delay, automatic degaussing of color TVs, fire alarms, and temperature compensation. Main disadvantages: (1) The relationship between resistance and temperature is severely nonlinear; (2) Poor consistency and interchangeability of components; (3) Components are prone to aging and have poor stability; (4) Except for special high-temperature thermistors, most thermistors are only suitable for the 0～154℃ range, which must be noted during use.

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