Indukey electrical components German Indukey models Indukey prices

Indukey electrical components are constituent parts of electronic components and small electrical machines and instruments; they often consist of several parts and are interchangeable within similar products. The term commonly refers to certain parts in the electrical, radio, and instrumentation industries; in practice, electronic components is the collective term for components and devices.

Indukey electrical component performance

Fiber optic connector performance primarily involves optical performance, but also considers interchangeability, repeatability, tensile strength, temperature, and mating cycles. 1. Optical performance: Regarding the optical performance requirements for fiber optic connectors, the main parameters are insertion loss and return loss. Insertion loss, also known as connection loss, refers to the loss of effective optical power in the link caused by the introduction of the connector. Lower insertion loss is better; generally, it should not exceed 0.5dB. Return loss refers to the connector's ability to suppress optical power reflection in the link; its typical value should be no less than 25dB. For connectors in practical applications, the ferrule surface undergoes specialized polishing to achieve higher return loss, generally no less than 45dB. 2. Interchangeability and repeatability: Fiber optic connectors are universal passive devices. Connectors of the same type can generally be combined arbitrarily and reused multiple times, with the resulting additional loss typically being less than 0.2dB. (3) Tensile strength: For assembled fiber optic connectors, the tensile strength is generally required to be no less than 90N. (4) Temperature: Generally, fiber optic connectors must operate normally within a temperature range of -40oC to +70oC. (5) Mating cycles: Fiber optic connectors in use can generally withstand more than l002 mating cycles.

Indukey electrical component principles

Based on differences in intended use, various types of thermometers have been designed and manufactured. The design principles include: utilizing the thermal expansion and contraction of solids, liquids, and gases under temperature influence; under constant volume conditions, the pressure of gas (or vapor) changes with temperature; the thermoelectric effect; the variation of electrical resistance with temperature; the influence of thermal radiation; etc. 1. Gas thermometer: Hydrogen or helium is mostly used as the temperature-sensing medium, because the liquefaction temperatures of hydrogen and helium are very low, close to absolute zero, so its temperature measurement range is very wide. This type of thermometer has high accuracy and is mostly used for precision measurements. 2. Resistance thermometer: Divided into metal resistance thermometers and semiconductor resistance thermometers, both are made based on the characteristic that electrical resistance varies with temperature. Metal thermometers mainly use pure metals such as platinum, gold, copper, and nickel, as well as rhodium-iron and phosphor bronze alloys; semiconductor thermometers mainly use carbon, germanium, etc. Resistance thermometers are convenient and reliable to use and have been widely applied. 3. Thermocouple thermometer: It is a temperature measuring instrument widely used in industry. It is made using the thermoelectric effect. Two different metal wires are welded together to form the measuring junction, and the other ends are connected to the measuring instrument to form a circuit. Place the measuring junction at the location where the temperature is to be measured. When the temperature of the measuring junction differs from that of the reference junction, an electromotive force will appear, Therefore, current flows through the circuit. By measuring electrical quantities, using the temperature at a known location, the temperature at another location can be determined. It is suitable for use between two substances with a large temperature difference, and is often used for high-temperature and low-turbidity measurements. 4. Dial thermometer: A thermometer shaped like an instrument panel, also known as a room thermometer, used to measure room temperature, made based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of metals. It uses a bimetallic strip as the temperature-sensing element, to control the pointer. The bimetallic strip is usually made by riveting a copper strip and an iron strip together, with the copper strip on the left, and the iron strip on the right. Since the thermal expansion and contraction effect of copper is much more pronounced than that of iron, when the temperature rises, the copper strip pulls the iron strip to bend to the right, and the pointer, driven by the bimetallic strip, deflects to the right (pointing to high temperature); conversely, when the temperature drops, the pointer, driven by the bimetallic strip, deflects to the left. 5. Glass tube thermometer: A glass tube thermometer measures temperature based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction. Due to differences in the expansion coefficient, boiling point, and freezing point of the temperature-measuring medium, Therefore, the commonly seen glass tube thermometers mainly include: kerosene thermometers, mercury thermometers, and red fountain pen ink thermometers. Its advantages are simple structure, ease of use, relatively high measurement accuracy, and low price. The disadvantages are that the upper and lower measurement limits and accuracy are limited by the quality of the glass and the properties of the temperature-measuring medium. It cannot transmit signals over long distances, and is fragile. 6. Pressure thermometer: A pressure thermometer uses the liquid in a sealed container, gas, or saturated vapor to generate volume expansion or pressure change upon heating as the measurement signal. Its basic structure consists of three parts: the bulb, capillary tube, and indicator gauge. The advantages of pressure thermometers are: simple structure, high mechanical strength, resistance to vibration. Low price, no external energy required. Disadvantages: limited temperature measurement range; large heat loss and slow response time. 9. Mercury thermometer is a type of expansion thermometer, it can only be used as a local monitoring instrument. Using it to measure temperature is not only simple and intuitive, but also avoids the errors associated with remote transmission thermometers.

Indukey electrical component characteristics

The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the relationship between the output and input for static input signals. Since the input and output are independent of time in this state, their relationship, i.e., the sensor's static characteristics, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or by a characteristic curve plotted with input as the abscissa and corresponding output as the ordinate. Main parameters characterizing sensor static characteristics include: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, and drift. (1) Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between sensor output and input deviates from the fitted straight line. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum deviation between the actual characteristic curve and the fitted straight line over the full scale range to the full-scale output value. (2) Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of sensor static characteristics. It is defined as the ratio of the increment in output to the corresponding increment in input that causes it. S denotes sensitivity. (3) Hysteresis: Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the input-output characteristic curves do not coincide when the input changes from small to large (forward stroke) and from large to small (reverse stroke). For the same magnitude of input signal, the output signals for the forward and reverse strokes are unequal; this difference is called the hysteresis error. (4) Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency in the characteristic curves obtained when the sensor input undergoes continuous full-scale changes multiple times in the same direction. (5) Drift: Sensor drift refers to the change in sensor output over time while the input remains constant. There are two main causes of drift: one is the sensor's own structural parameters; the other is the surrounding environment (such as temperature and humidity). (6) Resolution: When the sensor input increases slowly from a non-zero value, an observable change in output occurs after exceeding a certain increment; this input increment is called the sensor's resolution, i.e., the minimum input increment. (7) Threshold: When the sensor input increases slowly from zero, an observable change in output occurs after reaching a certain value; this input value is called the sensor's threshold voltage.

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