JSP electrical components Germany JSP model JSP price

JSP electrical components are electronic devices with conductivity between that of good conductors and insulators, utilizing the special electrical properties of semiconductor materials to perform specific functions. They can be used to generate, control, receive, transform, and amplify signals, as well as perform energy conversion. The semiconductor materials in semiconductor devices are silicon, germanium, or gallium arsenide, which can be used as rectifiers, oscillators, light emitters, amplifiers, photodetectors, and other equipment. To distinguish them from integrated circuits, they are sometimes referred to as discrete devices. The basic structure of most two-terminal devices (i.e., crystal diodes) is a PN junction. Semiconductor devices typically utilize different semiconductor materials, processes, and geometric structures. A wide variety of crystal diodes with diverse functions and applications have been developed. The frequency coverage of crystal diodes ranges from low frequency, high frequency, microwave, millimeter wave, infrared, up to light waves. Three-terminal devices are generally active devices, with typical representatives being various transistors (also known as crystal triodes). Transistors can be divided into bipolar junction transistors and field-effect transistors. Depending on the application, transistors can be classified into power transistors, microwave transistors, and low-noise transistors. In addition to general-purpose transistors used for amplification, oscillation, and switching, there are transistors for special purposes, such as phototransistors, magnetically sensitive transistors, and field-effect sensors. These devices can convert information about environmental factors into electrical signals and also provide amplification like general transistors to obtain larger output signals. Furthermore, there are other special devices, such as unijunction transistors that can be used to generate sawtooth waves, thyristors that can be used in various high-current control circuits, and charge-coupled devices that can be used as imaging devices or information storage devices. In military equipment such as communications and radar systems, weak signals are mainly received by high-sensitivity, low-noise semiconductor receiving devices. With the rapid development of microwave communication technology, low-noise microwave semiconductor devices have developed rapidly, with operating frequencies continuously increasing and noise figures continuously decreasing. Due to their excellent performance, small size, light weight, and low power consumption, microwave semiconductor devices have been widely applied in air defense and anti-missile systems, electronic warfare systems, and other applications.

JSP electrical component applications

Metal waveguides and metal resonant cavities are widely used in the decimeter, centimeter, and longer millimeter wave bands. Since the cross-section of the waveguide and the dimensions of the resonant cavity are close to the wavelength, the small size of metal waveguides and resonant cavities makes them difficult to manufacture. It is even more impossible to apply metal waveguides or resonant cavities in the infrared or visible light bands, where wavelengths are on the micrometer scale. For this reason, dielectric waveguides and dielectric resonators have rapidly developed and gained widespread application. Although the dimensions of dielectric waveguides and dielectric resonators are also on the order of the wavelength, they are easy to fabricate into tiny sizes using microfabrication techniques. For example, optical fibers and optical waveguides with cross-sectional dimensions on the micrometer scale belong to dielectric waveguides. The fields in metal waveguides can be viewed as resulting from plane waves reflecting back and forth between conductor surfaces; similarly, the fields in dielectric waveguides can be viewed as resulting from total reflection of electromagnetic waves at dielectric interfaces. Therefore, a dense medium surrounded by a sparse medium forms a dielectric waveguide. In an ideal metal waveguide, the electromagnetic field forms a standing wave transversely, and outside the waveguide boundary, it approximates an ideal conductor with no electromagnetic field. In a dielectric waveguide, the electromagnetic field forms a standing wave transversely, but electromagnetic fields still exist outside the dielectric waveguide, decaying transversely, known as evanescent fields. In metal waveguides filled with a homogeneous medium, TE modes and TM modes can separately satisfy the short-circuit boundary conditions of the waveguide walls. Therefore, TE modes and TM modes can always be separated, and both can propagate in metal waveguides. When a metal waveguide is filled with two or more media, or partially filled with dielectric, the electromagnetic field must satisfy not only the boundary conditions on the conductor walls but also the continuity conditions at the media interfaces. In the case of uniform filling with two or more media, only hybrid modes of TE and TM, known as HEM modes, can exist. After understanding the above content, we can further explore dielectric resonators. As early as 1939, the concept and theory of dielectric resonators were proposed, but due to the lack of suitable dielectric materials, this theory remained dormant for over 20 years without practical development. By the 20s, in the 60s, the successful development of high-permittivity ceramics such as rutile ceramic (ε≈80100) brought renewed attention to dielectric resonators. However, the high temperature coefficient of rutile ceramic limited its practical application. In the 20s, during the 70s, barium titanate-based and zirconium titanate-based ceramics were developed. Their high permittivity, low loss, and low temperature coefficient made dielectric resonators practical. Dielectric resonators offer advantages such as small size, light weight, high quality factor, and good stability. They are particularly suitable for application in microstrip circuits, microwave integrated circuits, and the millimeter wave band, receiving significant attention and developing rapidly. When the permittivity is very high, the interface between the dielectric and air approximates an open circuit, and the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves at the interface approaches 2. At this point, the surface of the dielectric resonator can be regarded as an open circuit wall, i.e., a magnetic wall. Thus, the dielectric resonator becomes a closed system with homogeneous boundary conditions, equivalent to an open-circuit wall (magnetic wall) resonant cavity.

JSP electrical component parameters

Rated voltage: refers to the safe voltage allowed during normal operation of the switch. If the voltage applied across the switch exceeds this value, arcing and breakdown may occur between the two contacts. Rated current: refers to the maximum safe current allowed to pass through when the switch is closed. If this value is exceeded, the switch contacts may burn out due to excessive current. Insulation resistance: refers to the resistance value between the conductive part and the insulating part of the switch. Contact resistance: refers to the resistance value between each pair of contacts when the switch is in the closed state. Dielectric strength: refers to the maximum voltage the switch can withstand between the conductor and ground. Life: refers to the number of operations the switch can perform under normal working conditions.

JSP electrical component principles

A resistor consists of three parts: the resistive element, the substrate, and the leads (for solid-core resistors, the resistive element and substrate are combined into one), with only the resistive element determining the resistance value. The volt-ampere characteristic is represented by a graphical curve showing the relationship between voltage and current at the resistor terminals. When voltage and current are proportional (the characteristic is a straight line), it is called a linear resistor; otherwise, it is called a nonlinear resistor. The rated power of a resistor is the maximum power allowed to be dissipated when operating continuously at the rated temperature (maximum ambient temperature) tR. For each type of resistor, a maximum working voltage is also specified. This means that even if the rated power is not reached, the maximum working voltage must not be exceeded when the resistance value is high. The rated power of a resistor refers to the maximum power allowed to be consumed during long-term continuous operation in DC or AC circuits. Load characteristics: When the ambient temperature is below tR, the resistor must not exceed its rated power. When the temperature exceeds tR, the load power must be derated. Each type of resistor has specified load characteristics. Additionally, the allowable load decreases under low atmospheric pressure. Under pulse load conditions, the average pulse power is much lower than the rated power, and separate specifications usually apply.

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