KATKO electrical components Germany KATKO model KATKO price

KATKO electrical components are indispensable measuring instruments in departments such as power electronics, generally aimed at measuring voltage, current, and resistance. Multimeters are classified into analog multimeters and digital multimeters according to the display method. It is a multi-function, multi-range measuring instrument. General multimeters can measure DC current, DC voltage, AC current, AC voltage, resistance, and audio levels; some can also measure AC current, capacitance, inductance, and certain semiconductor parameters (such as β). A multimeter is a magnetoelectric instrument equipped with a rectifier that can measure various electrical parameters such as AC/DC current, voltage, and resistance. For each electrical quantity, there are generally several ranges. Also known as a multi-meter or simply multitester. A multimeter consists of a magnetoelectric ammeter (meter head), measuring circuit, and selector switch. By switching the selector switch, various electrical parameters can be measured conveniently. The main basis for its circuit calculation is Ohm's law for closed circuits. There are many types of multimeters, which should be selected according to different requirements during use.

KATKO electrical components function

Functions of capacitors: 1. Capacitors used in coupling circuits are called coupling capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is widely used in RC-coupled amplifiers and other capacitor-coupled circuits, serving to block DC and pass AC. 2. Capacitors used in filtering circuits are called filter capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is used in power supply filtering and various filter circuits; filter capacitors remove signals within a certain frequency band from the total signal. 2. Capacitors used in decoupling circuits are called decoupling capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is used in the DC voltage supply circuits of multi-stage amplifiers; decoupling capacitors eliminate harmful low-frequency coupling between amplifier stages. 3. Capacitors used in high-frequency oscillation suppression circuits are called high-frequency suppression capacitors. In audio negative feedback amplifiers, this type of capacitor circuit is adopted to eliminate possible high-frequency self-excitation, thereby preventing potential high-frequency whistling in the amplifier. 4. Capacitors used in LC resonant circuits are called resonant capacitors; this type of capacitor circuit is required in both LC parallel and series resonant circuits. 5. Capacitors used in bypass circuits are called bypass capacitors. If a signal in a certain frequency band needs to be removed from the signal in a circuit, a bypass capacitor circuit can be used. Depending on the frequency of the signal to be removed, there are full-frequency-domain (all AC signals) bypass capacitor circuits and high-frequency bypass capacitor circuits. 6. Capacitors used in neutralization circuits are called neutralization capacitors. In radio high-frequency and intermediate-frequency amplifiers, and television high-frequency amplifiers, this type of neutralization capacitor circuit is adopted to eliminate self-excitation. 7. Capacitors used in timing circuits are called timing capacitors. Timing capacitor circuits are used in circuits that require time control through capacitor charging and discharging; the capacitor serves to control the magnitude of the time constant. 8. Capacitors used in integration circuits are called integrating capacitors. In the synchronization separation circuit for potential field scanning, this type of integrating capacitor circuit is adopted to extract the field synchronization signal from the field composite synchronization signal. 9. Capacitors used in differentiation circuits are called differentiating capacitors. In flip-flop circuits, this type of differentiating capacitor circuit is adopted to obtain sharp-top trigger signals, thereby deriving sharp-top pulse trigger signals from various (mainly rectangular pulse) signals. 10. Capacitors used in compensation circuits are called compensation capacitors. In the bass compensation circuit of cassette decks, this type of low-frequency compensation capacitor circuit is used to enhance low-frequency signals in the playback signal; additionally, there are high-frequency compensation capacitor circuits. 11. Capacitors used in bootstrap circuits are called bootstrap capacitors. Common OTL power amplifier output stage circuits adopt this type of bootstrap capacitor circuit to slightly increase the amplitude of the positive half-cycle of the signal through positive feedback. 12. Capacitors used in crossover circuits are called crossover capacitors. In speaker crossover circuits for loudspeakers, crossover capacitor circuits are used to ensure that high-frequency speakers operate in the high-frequency band, mid-frequency speakers operate in the mid-frequency band, and low-frequency speakers operate in the low-frequency band. 13. Refers to the effective external capacitance that, together with the quartz crystal resonator, determines the load resonant frequency. Common standard values for load capacitance include 16pF, 20pF, 30pF, 50pF, and 106pF. Load capacitance can be appropriately adjusted according to specific conditions; through adjustment, the operating frequency of the resonator can generally be tuned to the nominal value.

KATKO electrical components classification

For most conductors, at a certain temperature, their resistance remains almost constant at a fixed value; such resistors are called linear resistors. The resistance of some materials changes significantly with current (or voltage), and their volt-ampere characteristic is a curve; such resistors are called nonlinear resistors. For a nonlinear resistor under a given voltage (or current), the ratio of voltage to current is the static resistance at that operating point, and the slope of the volt-ampere characteristic curve is the dynamic resistance. The methods for expressing nonlinear resistor characteristics are complex, but these nonlinear relationships are widely applied in electronic circuits.

KATKO electrical components composition

1. A general fuse consists of three parts: First is the fusible element, which is the core of the fuse and serves to interrupt the current when it melts. For fusible elements of the same type and rating, the material must be identical, the geometric dimensions must be identical, the resistance value should be as low as possible and consistent, and most importantly, the fusing characteristics must be consistent. Household fuses are commonly made of lead-antimony alloy. Second is the electrode section, typically comprising two electrodes. It is a critical component connecting the fusible element to the circuit. It must have good electrical conductivity and should not produce significant contact resistance upon installation. Third is the holder section. Since the fusible element of a fuse is generally thin and flexible, the holder serves to secure the element and integrate the three parts into a rigid assembly for easy installation and use. It must have good mechanical strength, insulation properties, heat resistance, and flame retardancy. During use, it should not exhibit phenomena such as fracture, deformation, combustion, or short circuits. 2. Arc extinguishing device: Fuses used in power circuits and high-power equipment not only have the three parts of a general fuse but also include an arc extinguishing device. This is because the circuits protected by such fuses not only carry higher operating currents, but also have high voltage across the terminals when the fusible element melts. It often occurs that the fusible element has melted (fused) or even vaporized, but the current has not been interrupted. The reason is that arcing occurs between the two electrodes of the fuse under the influence of voltage and current at the moment of fusing. This arc extinguishing device must have strong insulation properties, good thermal conductivity, and negative electronegativity. Quartz sand is a commonly used arc extinguishing material. 4. Fusing indication device: Some fuses are equipped with a fusing indication device. Its function is to undergo a certain visual change after the fuse operates (melts), making it easy for maintenance personnel to detect, such as emitting light, changing color, or popping out a solid indicator.

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