hirschmann electrical components Germany hirschmann model hirschmann price

hirschmann electrical components are devices that convert optical signals into electrical signals. Their operating principle is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons in a material absorb photon energy when light strikes certain substances, resulting in corresponding electrical effects. Based on the different manifestations of the photoelectric effect, it is classified into three categories: external photoelectric effect, internal photoelectric effect, and photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric devices include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and solar cells. The performance and characteristic curves of photoelectric devices are analyzed.

hirschmann electrical component principle

The forward characteristics of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of a Zener diode are similar to those of a standard diode. In reverse bias, when the reverse voltage is below the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is very high and the reverse leakage current is extremely small. However, when the reverse voltage approaches the critical value, the reverse current increases abruptly, known as breakdown. At this critical breakdown point, the reverse resistance drops sharply to a very low value. Although the current varies over a wide range, the voltage across the diode remains essentially stable near the breakdown voltage, thereby achieving the voltage regulation function of the diode.

hirschmann electrical component characteristics

The characteristics of an inductor are exactly opposite to those of a capacitor; it has the property of blocking alternating current (AC) while allowing direct current (DC) to pass through smoothly. The resistance when a DC signal passes through the coil is simply the resistance of the wire itself, resulting in a very small voltage drop. When an AC signal passes through the coil, a self-induced electromotive force (EMF) is generated across the coil. The direction of this self-induced EMF is opposite to that of the applied voltage, hindering the passage of AC. Therefore, the characteristic of an inductor is to pass DC and block AC; the higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. Inductors often work together with capacitors in circuits to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc. Additionally, utilizing the properties of inductance, components such as chokes, transformers, and relays are manufactured. Passing DC: This means the inductor presents a conductive path to DC. If the resistance of the inductor coil is ignored, DC can pass through the inductor "unimpeded." For DC, the coil's own resistance offers very little opposition, so it is often neglected in circuit analysis. Blocking AC: When AC passes through the inductor coil, the inductor offers opposition to the AC. This opposition to AC is the inductive reactance of the coil.

hirschmann electrical component structure

Inductors are generally composed of a bobbin, winding, shield, encapsulation material, and magnetic core or iron core. 1, Bobbin: The bobbin refers to the support for winding the coil. For larger fixed inductors or adjustable inductors (such as oscillator coils, chokes, etc.), enameled wire (or silk-covered wire) is mostly wound around the bobbin, and then a magnetic core, copper core, or iron core is inserted into the inner cavity of the bobbin to increase its inductance. Bobbins are usually made of plastic, bakelite, or ceramic, and can be formed into different shapes according to actual needs. Small inductors (such as color-coded inductors) generally do not use a bobbin but instead wind the enameled wire directly onto the magnetic core. Air-core inductors (also known as formless coils or air coils, mostly used in high-frequency circuits) do not use a magnetic core, bobbin, or shield; instead, they are wound on a mold which is then removed, leaving a certain distance between the turns of the coil. 2, Winding: The winding refers to a set of coils with specified functions and is the basic component of an inductor. Windings are divided into single-layer and multi-layer types. Single-layer windings come in two forms: close-wound (where each turn of wire is adjacent to the next during winding) and spaced-wound (where a certain distance is maintained between each turn during winding). Multi-layer windings include layered flat winding, random winding, honeycomb winding, and other methods. 3, Magnetic Core and Magnetic Rod: Magnetic cores and rods are generally made of materials such as nickel-zinc ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite. They come in various shapes such as "I" shape, cylindrical, cap-shaped, "E" shape, and pot core. 4, Iron Core: Iron core materials mainly include silicon steel sheets and permalloy, and their shape is mostly "E" type. 5, Shield: To prevent the magnetic field generated by some inductors during operation from affecting the normal operation of other circuits and components, a metal shield is added (such as the oscillator coil in semiconductor radios). Using a shield increases coil losses and reduces the Q value. 10, Encapsulation Material: Some inductors (such as color-coded inductors, color-ring inductors, etc.) are sealed with encapsulation material after winding to enclose the coil and magnetic core. Encapsulation materials include plastic or epoxy resin.

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