IONTIS electrical components Germany IONTIS model IONTIS price

IONTIS electrical components are among the earliest devices for amplifying electrical signals. The cathode electron emission section, control grid, accelerating grid, and anode (plate) leads, enclosed in a glass container (typically a glass tube), are welded to the tube base. An electric field is used to inject electrons into the control grid in a vacuum to modulate the signal, and different parameter signal data after signal amplification or feedback oscillation are obtained at the anode. Initially applied in electronic products such as televisions, radios, and loudspeakers, they were gradually replaced by amplifiers and integrated circuits made from semiconductor materials, but in some high-fidelity audio equipment, vacuum tubes with low noise and high stability coefficients are still used as audio power amplification devices (in Hong Kong, vacuum tube power amplifiers are referred to as "tube amplifiers").

IONTIS electrical component principle

The forward characteristic of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of a Zener diode is similar to that of a standard diode. In the reverse characteristic, when the reverse voltage is below the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is very high and the reverse leakage current is extremely small. However, when the reverse voltage approaches the critical value of the reverse voltage, the reverse current increases abruptly, known as breakdown. At this critical breakdown point, the reverse resistance drops suddenly to a very small value. Although the current varies over a wide range, the voltage across the diode remains basically stable near the breakdown voltage, thereby achieving the voltage regulation function of the diode.

IONTIS electrical component reliability

1, influence of environment on relay reliability: The mean time between failures is highest when the relay operates under GB and SF. 2, influence of quality grade on relay reliability: The quality grade of the relay has a significant impact on its reliability performance. 3, influence of contact configuration on relay reliability: The contact configuration of the relay also affects its reliability; the reliability of single-throw relays is higher than that of double-throw relays with the same number of poles, and reliability gradually decreases as the number of poles increases. The mean time between failures of a single-pole single-throw relay is higher than that of a four-pole double-throw relay. 4, influence of structural type on relay reliability: There are many types of relay structures, and different types all affect their reliability. 5, influence of temperature on relay reliability: The operating temperature range of a relay is within a certain limit; as the temperature rises, the mean time between failures of the relay gradually decreases. 6, influence of operating rate on relay reliability: As the operating rate of the relay increases, the mean time between failures basically shows an exponential downward trend. Therefore, if the designed circuit requires a very high operating rate for the relay, careful inspection of the relay is required during circuit maintenance to replace it in a timely manner. 16, influence of current ratio on relay reliability: The so-called current ratio is the ratio of the operating load current of the relay to the rated load current. The current ratio has a significant impact on the reliability of the relay; therefore, a load with a larger rated current should be selected during circuit design to reduce the current ratio, ensuring that the reliability of the relay and even the entire circuit is not reduced due to fluctuations in the operating current.

IONTIS electrical component classification

Based on structural differences, they are classified into full-availability trunks, partial-availability trunks, and link systems; based on service modes, they are classified into loss-system trunks and waiting-system trunks (see stochastic service systems); based on the number of traffic sources served, they are classified into infinite-traffic-source trunks and finite-traffic-source trunks. In telecommunications systems, equipment directly used for communication between users is mostly an infinite-traffic-source, loss-system, full-availability link system, while equipment used to control the connection process of communication devices is mostly an infinite-traffic-source, waiting-system, full-availability system. When the number of traffic sources is not very large relative to the trunk capacity, a finite-traffic-source full-availability system or partial-availability system is generally adopted. Based on the calling behavior of traffic sources, i.e., whether new call attempts are made after a call failure, trunks can be classified into repeated-call systems and non-repeated-call systems. Actual communication systems all involve repeated calls; non-repeated-call systems are an approximation of repeated-call systems. ① Full-availability trunks. If any service device (trunk line or selector) in the trunk can be used by any traffic source in the group of traffic sources it serves, such a trunk is called a full-availability trunk. ② Partial-availability trunks. If any traffic source in the traffic source group can only use part of the service devices in the trunk, such a trunk is called a partial-availability trunk. Partial-availability trunks divide the traffic source group into several subgroups, performing grading and multiple interconnections between the outlets of the traffic groups. This structure can be described by the example shown in the figure below.

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