JABLOTRON electrical components Germany JABLOTRON model JABLOTRON price

JABLOTRON electrical components are fuses that can be operated multiple times, known in Japan as permanent fuses. Immediately after interrupting overload or short-circuit current, the fusible element automatically restores to its original state. The housing is made of austenitic stainless steel, with a beryllium oxide ceramic core embedded in the center. Glass filler between the stainless steel and the ceramic core provides sealing and reinforces the ceramic core. The fine pores of the ceramic core are filled with metallic sodium as the fusible element, and the void behind the piston is charged with argon gas to compress the metallic sodium. Under normal operating conditions, current can enter from lead terminal A, pass through the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, conduct to the stainless steel housing, and exit via output terminal B. When short-circuit current passes through the fuse, the short-circuit current rapidly heats the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, causing it to change from a solid to a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma vapor. The resistivity increases rapidly, thereby strongly limiting the short-circuit current and interrupting the current instantly. At the end of the interruption, the metallic sodium vapor immediately returns to liquid and solid states, while the argon gas again pushes the piston to compress the metallic sodium, re-establishing the circuit connection.

JABLOTRON electrical component applications

The collector-emitter current can be regarded as controlled by the base-emitter current, which is equivalent to treating the bipolar transistor as a "current-controlled" device. It can also be viewed as controlled by the emitter-base junction voltage, treating it as a "voltage-controlled" device. In fact, these two perspectives are interconnected through the current-voltage relationship across the base-emitter junction, which can be represented by the current-voltage curve of the PN junction. In analog circuit design, the current-controlled viewpoint is sometimes adopted because, within a certain range, the bipolar transistor exhibits approximately linear characteristics. In this range (referred to below as the "active region"), the collector current is approximately equal to a multiple of the base current, which greatly facilitates problem analysis and control of circuit functions. When designing some basic circuits, it is assumed that the emitter-base voltage is an approximately constant value; in this case, the collector current is approximately equal to several times the base current, and the transistor acts as a current amplifier. However, in reality, the bipolar transistor is a relatively complex nonlinear device. If the bias voltage distribution is improper, the output signal will be distorted. Furthermore, even when operating within a specific range, its current amplification factor is affected by factors including temperature. To design precise and reliable bipolar transistor circuits, the voltage-controlled viewpoint must be adopted. The voltage-controlled model introduces an exponential function to describe the voltage-current relationship. Within a certain range, the functional relationship is approximately linear, allowing the transistor to be treated as a conductance element. Thus, the design of circuits such as differential amplifiers is simplified to a linear problem, so the approximate voltage-controlled viewpoint is also frequently selected. For translinear circuits, studying their current-voltage curves is crucial for analyzing device operation, so they are typically treated as a voltage-controlled model where transconductance is proportional to the collector current. Transistor-level circuit design primarily uses SPICE or other similar analog circuit simulators, so the complexity of the model does not pose a significant problem for designers. However, when manually analyzing analog circuit problems, it is not always possible to adopt precise calculation methods as in classical circuit analysis, making the use of approximate methods essential.

JABLOTRON electrical component principle

The main raw material for ferrite beads is ferrite. Ferrite is a ferrimagnetic material with a cubic lattice structure. Ferrite materials are iron-magnesium alloys or iron-nickel alloys. Their manufacturing process and mechanical properties are similar to ceramics, and their color is gray-black. One type of magnetic core frequently used in electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters is ferrite material, and many manufacturers offer ferrite materials specifically for EMI suppression. This material is characterized by very high losses at high frequencies and high permeability, which minimizes the capacitance generated between the coil windings of the inductor under high-frequency, high-impedance conditions. For ferrites used in EMI suppression, the most important performance parameters are permeability μ and saturation flux density Bs. Permeability μ can be expressed as a complex number, where the real part constitutes inductance and the imaginary part represents loss, which increases with frequency. Therefore, its equivalent circuit is a series circuit composed of inductance L and resistance R, where both L and R are functions of frequency. When a wire passes through this ferrite core, the resulting inductive impedance formally increases with frequency, but the mechanism is completely different at different frequencies. In the low-frequency range, the impedance consists of the inductive reactance of the inductor. At low frequencies, R is very small, and the core's permeability is high, resulting in large inductance. L plays the main role, and EMI is suppressed by reflection. At this stage, the core loss is small, and the entire device is an inductor with low loss and high Q characteristics. Such inductors are prone to resonance, so in the low-frequency range, interference may sometimes increase after using ferrite beads. In the high-frequency range, the impedance consists of the resistive component. As frequency increases, the core's permeability decreases, leading to a reduction in inductance and inductive reactance. However, at this point, the core loss increases, and the resistive component increases, leading to an increase in total impedance. When high-frequency signals pass through the ferrite, EMI is absorbed and dissipated as heat. Ferrite suppression components are widely used on printed circuit boards, power lines, and data lines. For example, adding ferrite suppression components at the power line entry point of a printed circuit board can filter out high-frequency interference. Ferrite rings or beads are specifically used to suppress high-frequency interference and spike interference on signal lines and power lines, and they also have the ability to absorb electrostatic discharge pulse interference. The values of the two components are proportional to the length of the bead, and the length of the bead has a significant impact on the suppression effect; the longer the bead, the better the suppression effect. Inductors can be used for power supply filtering. The circuit symbol for a ferrite bead is that of an inductor, but the model number indicates that a ferrite bead is used. In terms of circuit function, ferrite beads and inductors operate on the same principle, differing only in their frequency characteristics. Ferrite beads are composed of ferrimagnetic material. Ferrite beads offer significant impedance only to high-frequency signals; their resistance at low frequencies is much lower than that of inductors. Ferrite beads are a type of anti-interference component that has developed rapidly, being inexpensive, easy to use, and highly effective at filtering high-frequency noise.

JABLOTRON electrical component applications

The main application of rectifiers is to convert AC power to DC power. Since all electronic devices require DC, but utility power is AC, rectifiers are indispensable inside the power supplies of all electronic devices unless batteries are used. Converting the voltage of a DC power supply is much more complex. One method of DC-DC conversion is to first convert the power to AC (using a device called an inverter), then use a transformer to change the AC voltage, and finally rectify it back to DC power. Rectifiers are also used for demodulation of AM radio signals. The signal may be amplified (increasing the signal amplitude) before demodulation; if not amplified, diodes with very low voltage drop must be used. Careful matching of capacitors and load resistors is required when using rectifiers for demodulation. If the capacitor is too small, excessive high-frequency components will pass through; if too large, the signal will be suppressed. Rectifier devices are also used to provide fixed-polarity voltage required for electric welding. The output current of such circuits sometimes needs to be controlled; in this case, thyristors (a type of silicon-controlled rectifier) replace the diodes in bridge rectifiers, and phase control triggering is used to adjust the voltage output. Thyristors are also used in railway locomotive systems at various levels to achieve fine adjustment of traction motors.

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