KITAGAWA electrical components Germany KITAGAWA model KITAGAWA price

KITAGAWA electrical components include single heterojunction, double heterojunction, and quantum well laser diodes. Quantum well laser diodes have the advantages of low threshold current and high output power, making them mainstream products in market applications. Compared to lasers, laser diodes have the advantages of high efficiency, small size, and long service life, but their low output power, poor linearity, and less-than-ideal monochromaticity greatly limit their application in cable television systems, preventing the transmission of multi-channel, high-performance analog signals. In the return module of bidirectional optical receivers, upstream transmission generally uses quantum well laser diodes as the light source.

KITAGAWA electrical component principle

The forward characteristic of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of a Zener diode is similar to that of an ordinary diode. The reverse characteristic is such that when the reverse voltage is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is very high and the reverse leakage current is extremely small. However, when the reverse voltage approaches the critical value of the reverse voltage, the reverse current increases suddenly, which is called breakdown. At this critical breakdown point, the reverse resistance drops suddenly to a very small value. Although the current changes over a wide range, the voltage across the diode remains basically stable near the breakdown voltage, thereby achieving the voltage stabilization function of the diode.

KITAGAWA electrical component performance

The performance of fiber optic connectors primarily involves optical performance; additionally, factors such as interchangeability, repeatability, tensile strength, temperature, and number of mating cycles must be considered. 1. Optical performance: The main requirements for the optical performance of fiber optic connectors are insertion loss and return loss, which are the two most basic parameters. Insertion loss, also known as connection loss, refers to the loss of effective optical power in the link caused by the introduction of the connector. The smaller the insertion loss, the better; it is generally required to be no greater than 0.5dB. Return loss refers to the ability of the connector to suppress the reflection of optical power in the link, and its typical value should be no less than 25dB. For connectors in practical applications, the ferrule surface undergoes specialized polishing treatment, which can increase the return loss, generally to no less than 45dB. 2. Interchangeability and repeatability: Fiber optic connectors are universal passive devices. For the same type of fiber optic connector, they can generally be combined arbitrarily and reused multiple times, with the additional loss introduced thereby generally being less than 0.2dB. ③ Tensile strength: For assembled fiber optic connectors, the tensile strength is generally required to be no less than 90N. ④ Temperature: Generally, fiber optic connectors must operate normally within a temperature range of -40oC to +70oC. ⑤ Number of mating cycles: Most fiber optic connectors used can withstand more than l006 mating cycles.

KITAGAWA electrical component characteristics

The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the relationship between the output quantity and the input quantity for static input signals. Since the input and output quantities are independent of time in this case, their relationship, i.e., the static characteristics of the sensor, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or by a characteristic curve plotted with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate. The main parameters characterizing the static characteristics of a sensor include: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, drift, etc. ① Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between the sensor's output and input deviates from the fitted straight line. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum deviation between the actual characteristic curve and the fitted straight line over the full scale range to the full-scale output value. ② Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of the static characteristics of a sensor. It is defined as the ratio of the increment in the output quantity to the corresponding increment in the input quantity that causes this increment. S is used to denote sensitivity. ③ Hysteresis: Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the input-output characteristic curves do not coincide when the input quantity changes from small to large (forward stroke) and from large to small (reverse stroke). For the same magnitude of input signal, the output signal magnitudes for the forward and reverse strokes of the sensor are not equal; this difference is called the hysteresis difference. ④ Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency in the characteristic curves obtained when the sensor's input quantity undergoes continuous multiple full-scale changes in the same direction. ⑤ Drift: Sensor drift refers to the phenomenon where the sensor's output quantity changes over time while the input quantity remains constant. There are two causes of drift: one is the sensor's own structural parameters; the other is the surrounding environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.). ⑥ Resolution: When the sensor's input slowly increases from a non-zero value, an observable change in the output occurs after exceeding a certain increment; this input increment is called the sensor's resolution, i.e., the minimum input increment. ⑦ Threshold: When the sensor's input slowly increases from zero, an observable change in the output occurs after reaching a certain value; this input value is called the sensor's threshold voltage.

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