Kuhnke electrical components, German Kuhnke models, Kuhnke prices

Kuhnke electrical components are specifically designed to suppress high-frequency noise and spike interference on signal and power lines, and also have the ability to absorb electrostatic pulses. Ferrite beads are used to absorb ultra-high-frequency signals. Circuits such as RF circuits, PLL, oscillator circuits, and circuits containing ultra-high-frequency memory (DDR SDRAM, RAMBUS, etc.) all require ferrite beads at the power input. Inductors are energy-storage components used in LC oscillator circuits, medium and low-frequency filter circuits, etc., with an application frequency range rarely exceeding 50MHZ. Ferrite beads have high resistivity and permeability, equivalent to a resistor and inductor in series, but both resistance and inductance vary with frequency.

Kuhnke electrical component types

For different applications, the purpose of using varistors varies, and the voltage/current applied to the varistor differs; therefore, the requirements for the varistor are not the same. Distinguishing these differences is crucial for correct usage. Based on the purpose of use, varistors can be divided into two categories: (1) protection varistors and (2) circuit function varistors. Protection varistors: (1) Distinguish between varistors for power supply protection and those for signal/data line protection, as they must meet different technical standard requirements. (2) Based on the continuous operating voltage applied to the varistor, varistors across power lines can be classified into AC type or DC type. The aging characteristics of varistors under these two voltage stresses differ. (3) Based on the abnormal overvoltage characteristics withstand by the varistor, varistors can be classified into three types: surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type. 1. Surge suppression varistors refer to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The occurrence of such transient overvoltages is random and non-periodic, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The vast majority of varistors belong to this category. 2. High-power varistors refer to varistors used to absorb continuous pulse groups that occur periodically, such as varistors connected in parallel to switching power supply converters. Here, the impulse voltage occurs periodically, and the period is known. The energy value can generally be calculated. Although the peak voltage is not high, the average power is considerable due to the high frequency of occurrence. 10. High-energy varistors refer to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy in large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical indicator is energy absorption capacity. The protective function of varistors can be repeated multiple times in most application scenarios, but sometimes they are made into "one-time" protective devices similar to current fuses, such as varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

Kuhnke electrical component principles

The basic working principle of fiber optic sensors is to guide light from a source through an optical fiber into a modulator. After interacting with the light entering the modulation region, the parameter to be measured causes changes in the optical properties of the light (such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state, etc.), resulting in modulated signal light. Measurement is completed by utilizing the influence of the measured quantity on the transmission characteristics of light. There are two measurement principles for fiber optic sensors: (1) Physical property fiber optic sensor principle: Physical property fiber optic sensors utilize the sensitivity of optical fibers to environmental changes to convert input physical quantities into modulated optical signals. Their working principle is based on the optical modulation effect of optical fibers, i.e., the phenomenon where light transmission characteristics, such as phase and light intensity, change when external environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, electric field, and magnetic field change. Therefore, by measuring the changes in optical phase and light intensity through the fiber, changes in the measured physical quantity can be determined. Such sensors are also known as sensitive element type or functional fiber optic sensors. The point source beam of a laser is diffused into parallel waves and split into two paths by a beam splitter: one reference path and one measurement path. External parameters (temperature, pressure, vibration, etc.) cause changes in fiber length and optical phase, generating different numbers of interference fringes. Counting their lateral movement allows measurement of temperature or pressure. (3) Structural fiber optic sensor principle: Structural fiber optic sensors are measurement systems composed of photodetection elements (sensitive elements), optical fiber transmission loops, and measurement circuits. Here, the optical fiber serves only as a medium for light propagation, so they are also called light-transmitting or non-functional fiber optic sensors.

Kuhnke electrical component classification

Classification by application: toggle switches, band switches, record/playback switches, power switches, selector switches, limit switches, control switches, changeover switches, isolating switches, travel switches, wall switches, intelligent fire protection switches, etc. Classification by structure: micro switches, rocker switches, toggle switches, slide switches, push-button switches, keypad switches, as well as fashionable thin-film switches and dot switches. Classification by contact type: Switches can be divided into a type contacts, b type contacts, and c type contacts based on contact type. Contact type refers to the relationship between the operating condition (pressing the switch) and the contact state (contacts closing). Suitable contact types must be selected based on the application. Classification by number of switches: single-control switches, dual-control switches, multi-control switches, dimmer switches, speed control switches, splash-proof boxes, doorbell switches, proximity switches, touch switches, remote control switches, smart switches, card-insertion power switches, and dedicated switches for bathroom heaters.

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