Lae Electronic electrical components Germany Lae Electronic model Lae Electronic price

Lae Electronic electrical component is a transducer that converts guided waves propagating on a transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or performs the reverse conversion. It is a component in radio equipment used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Engineering systems such as radio communication, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasures, remote sensing, and radio astronomy, which use electromagnetic waves to transmit information, all rely on antennas for operation. In addition, in terms of transmitting energy using electromagnetic waves, non-signal energy radiation also requires antennas. Generally, antennas are reversible, meaning the same antenna can be used as both a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. The basic characteristic parameters of the same antenna for transmission or reception are identical. This is the reciprocity theorem of antennas. We know that radio equipment such as communication, radar, navigation, broadcasting, and television devices transmit information via radio waves and require the radiation and reception of radio waves. In radio equipment, the device used to radiate and receive radio waves is called an antenna. The antenna provides the necessary coupling between the transmitter or receiver and the medium through which radio waves propagate. Like transmitters and receivers, the antenna is also an important component of radio equipment.

Lae Electronic electrical component function

Photoelectric switches can be used in various application scenarios. Avoid strong light sources; photoelectric switches generally operate stably under high ambient illumination. However, avoid aligning the sensor's optical axis directly with strong light sources such as sunlight or incandescent lamps. When the angle between the sensor (receiver) optical axis and the strong light source cannot be changed, install shading plates around the top of the sensor or fit a long shading tube. To prevent mutual interference: New photoelectric switches usually have automatic anti-interference functions, so mutual interference is generally not a concern. However, for HGK series through-beam infrared photoelectric switches installed in several adjacent groups close together, precautions should be taken to prevent interference between neighboring groups and mutual interference. The most effective way to prevent this interference is to arrange the emitters and receivers in a cross pattern. When there are more than 11 groups, increase the distance between groups. Of course, using models with different operating frequencies is also a good method. For retro-reflective photoelectric switches, an effective way to prevent mutual interference is to increase the spacing. Moreover, the greater the detection distance, the larger the spacing should be; the specific spacing should be determined based on debugging conditions. Of course, models with different operating frequencies can also be used. Influence of mirror angle: When the detected object is glossy or encounters a smooth metal surface, the reflectivity is generally very high, acting like a mirror. Adjust the installation so that the optical axis is not perpendicular to the detected object, thereby preventing malfunction. Eliminating background influence: When using retro-reflective diffuse emitters and receivers, unstable detection may occur if the detected object is close to the background, or if the photoelectric switch or background is a smooth object with high reflectivity. Therefore, you can switch to distance-limited emitters and receivers, or eliminate the issue by moving away from the background, removing the background, painting the background matte black, or making the background rough and dark. Use of self-diagnosis function: During installation or use, minor deviations in the optical axis, lens contamination, dust accumulation, external noise, or out-of-range ambient temperature may occur due to table or background influences and vibration. These issues may cause the photoelectric switch to deviate from its stable operating zone. In such cases, the self-diagnosis function of the photoelectric switch can be utilized to trigger the green stability indicator light, alerting the user to make timely adjustments.

Lae Electronic electrical component principle

The main principle of a diode is to utilize the unidirectional conductivity of the PN junction. Adding leads and encapsulation to the PN junction forms a diode. A crystal diode consists of a PN junction formed by P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor. A space charge layer is formed on both sides of the interface, establishing a built-in electric field. When no external voltage is applied, the diffusion current caused by the carrier concentration difference across the PN junction equals the drift current caused by the built-in electric field, resulting in electrical equilibrium. When a forward voltage bias is applied externally, the mutual cancellation of the external electric field and the built-in electric field increases the carrier diffusion current, causing a forward current. When a reverse voltage bias is applied externally, the external electric field and the built-in electric field are further strengthened, forming a reverse saturation current within a certain reverse voltage range that is independent of the reverse bias voltage value. When the applied reverse voltage reaches a certain level, the electric field strength in the space charge layer of the PN junction reaches a critical value, triggering a carrier multiplication process. This generates a large number of electron-hole pairs, resulting in a significant reverse breakdown current, known as the diode breakdown phenomenon. Reverse breakdown of the PN junction is classified into Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.

Lae Electronic electrical component classification

Fuses can be classified into high-voltage fuses and low-voltage fuses based on operating voltage. Based on the protected object, they can be classified into fuses for protecting transformers and general electrical equipment, fuses for protecting voltage transformers, fuses for protecting power capacitors, fuses for protecting semiconductor components, fuses for protecting motors, and fuses for protecting household appliances. Based on structure, they can be classified into open-type, semi-enclosed, cartridge, and expulsion fuses. Open-type fuses have a simple structure, with the fusible element fully exposed to the air and supported by ceramic pillars without a base, suitable for low-voltage outdoor use. Interrupting current produces significant audible and visual effects in the atmosphere. Semi-enclosed fuses have the fusible element mounted on a ceramic frame, inserted into a ceramic box with metal sockets at both ends, suitable for low-voltage indoor use. The audible and visual effects produced during current interruption are blocked by the ceramic box. In cartridge fuses, the fusible element is installed inside the fuse body, which is then plugged into a base or directly connected to the circuit. The fuse link is a fully sealed insulating tube with metal caps or contact blades at both ends. If the insulating tube of this type of fuse is filled with quartz sand, it has a current-limiting effect during current interruption, greatly improving breaking capacity, hence it is also called a high-breaking-capacity fuse. If the tube is evacuated, it is called a vacuum fuse. If the tube is filled with SF6 gas, it is called an SF6 fuse, aimed at improving arc-extinguishing performance. Since quartz sand, vacuum, and SF17 gas all have good insulation properties, this type of fuse is suitable for both low-voltage and high-voltage applications. Expulsion fuses have the fusible element installed in an insulating tube made of solid gas-generating material. Solid gas-generating materials can include electrical antistatic white cardboard or organic glass materials. When short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, it melts immediately, generating an arc. The high-temperature arc rapidly decomposes the solid gas-generating material, producing a large amount of high-pressure gas, which ejects the ionized gas and arc from both ends of the tube, emitting intense sound and light, and extinguishing the arc when the AC current crosses zero, thereby interrupting the current. The insulating tube is usually mounted on an insulating support to form the complete fuse assembly. Sometimes the upper end of the insulating tube is designed to be movable; after interrupting the current, it detaches and drops down. This type of expulsion fuse is commonly known as a drop-out fuse.

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