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lts licht electrical components are indispensable measuring instruments for departments such as power electronics, generally aimed at measuring voltage, current, and resistance. Multimeters are classified into analog multimeters and digital multimeters based on their display method. They are multifunctional, multi-range measuring instruments. General multimeters can measure DC current, DC voltage, AC current, AC voltage, resistance, and audio levels; some can also measure AC current, capacitance, inductance, and certain semiconductor parameters (such as β). A multimeter is a magnetoelectric instrument equipped with a rectifier, capable of measuring various electrical parameters such as AC/DC current, voltage, and resistance. For each electrical quantity, there are generally several ranges. Also known as a multitester or simply tester. A multimeter consists of a magnetoelectric ammeter (meter head), measuring circuits, and a selector switch. By switching the selector switch, various electrical parameters can be measured conveniently. The main basis for its circuit calculation is Ohm's law for closed circuits. There are many types of multimeters, which should be selected according to different requirements during use.

lts licht electrical component characteristics

Common types include RC phase-shifting bridge trigger circuits, unijunction transistor trigger circuits, bipolar junction transistor trigger circuits, and trigger circuits using small thyristors to trigger large thyristors, among others. The main parameters of thyristors are: 1, rated on-state average current IT: the average value of the 50 Hz sinusoidal half-wave current that can continuously pass between the anode and cathode under specified conditions. 2, forward blocking peak voltage VPF: the forward peak voltage that can be repeatedly applied across the thyristor when the gate is open without a trigger signal and the anode forward voltage has not exceeded the turn-on voltage. The forward peak voltage withstand by the thyristor must not exceed this parameter value given in the manual. 3, reverse blocking peak voltage VPR: the reverse peak voltage that can be repeatedly applied across the thyristor when it is under reverse voltage and in the reverse blocking state. During use, this parameter value given in the manual must not be exceeded. 4, trigger voltage VGT: the minimum gate current and voltage required to switch the thyristor from the off state to the on state when a certain voltage is applied between the anode and cathode at a specified ambient temperature. 8, holding current IH: the minimum anode forward current required to maintain the thyristor in the conducting state at a specified temperature with the gate circuit open. Many new types of thyristor components have been introduced, such as fast thyristors suitable for high-frequency applications, bidirectional thyristors that can be controlled to conduct in both directions using positive or negative trigger signals, and thyristors that can be turned on by a positive trigger signal and turned off by a negative trigger signal.

lts licht electrical component classification

1, classified by operating nature into transmitting antennas and receiving antennas. 2, classified by application into communication antennas, broadcast antennas, television antennas, radar antennas, etc. 3, classified by directionality into omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas, etc. 4, classified by operating wavelength into ultra-long wave antennas, long wave antennas, medium wave antennas, short wave antennas, ultra-short wave antennas, microwave antennas, etc. 5, classified by structural form and operating principle into wire antennas and aperture antennas, etc. Characteristic parameters describing antennas include radiation pattern, directivity coefficient, gain, input impedance, radiation efficiency, polarization, and bandwidth. 6, classified by dimensionality into two types: ① One-dimensional antennas consist of many wires, which may be straight lines like those used in mobile phones, or clever shapes like the old 'rabbit ear' antennas used on televisions before cable TV. Monopole and dipole antennas are the two most basic one-dimensional antennas. ② Two-dimensional antennas: diverse forms, including patch (a square metal piece), array (a bundle of patches organized in a two-dimensional pattern), horn, and dish shapes. 11, antennas can be divided into three major categories based on usage scenarios: handheld transceiver antennas, vehicle-mounted antennas, and base station antennas. Handheld transceiver antennas: antennas for personal use with handheld two-way radios, commonly including rubber antennas and telescopic antennas. Vehicle-mounted antennas: communication antennas originally designed for installation on vehicles, with suction cup antennas being the most common and widely used. Vehicle-mounted antenna structures also include shortened types, quarter-wave, center-loaded, five-eighths-wave, and half-wave dipole variants. Base station antennas: play a critical role in the entire communication system, especially for communication hubs and stations. Common base station antennas include fiberglass high-gain antennas, four-element array antennas (eight-element array antennas), and directional antennas.

lts licht electrical component applications

The most basic application of ordinary thyristors is controlled rectification. The familiar diode rectifier circuit belongs to uncontrolled rectification circuits. If diodes are replaced with thyristors, a controlled rectification circuit can be formed. Taking the simplest single-phase half-wave controlled rectification circuit as an example, during the positive half-cycle of the sinusoidal AC voltage U2, if the gate of VS receives no trigger pulse Ug, VS will not conduct. It only conducts when U2 is in the positive half-cycle and a trigger pulse Ug is applied to the gate. Drawing its waveforms (c) and (d), voltage UL appears across the load RL only when the trigger pulse Ug arrives. If Ug arrives early, the thyristor conducts earlier; if Ug arrives late, the thyristor conducts later. By changing the arrival time of the trigger pulse Ug at the gate, the average value of the output voltage UL across the load can be adjusted. In electrical engineering, half a cycle of AC is often defined as 180°, called the electrical angle. Thus, in each positive half-cycle of U2, the electrical angle experienced from zero to the instant the trigger pulse arrives is called the control angle α; the electrical angle during which the thyristor conducts in each positive half-cycle is called the conduction angle θ. Clearly, α and θ are used to represent the conduction or blocking range of the thyristor during the half-cycle where it withstands forward voltage. By changing the control angle α or conduction angle θ, the average value of the pulsed DC voltage UL across the load is changed, achieving controlled rectification. Low-power plastic-sealed bidirectional thyristors are typically used in sound-and-light-controlled lighting systems. Rated current is less than 7A. Medium and high-power plastic-sealed and metal-sealed thyristors are typically used in power-type controlled voltage regulation circuits, such as adjustable DC power supplies. High-power high-frequency thyristors are typically used in industrial applications, such as high-frequency melting furnaces.

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