LUMMAX electrical components Germany LUMMAX model LUMMAX price

LUMMAX electrical components are devices that convert optical signals into electrical signals. Their operating principle is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons in a material absorb photon energy when light strikes certain substances, resulting in corresponding electrical effects. Based on the different manifestations of the photoelectric effect, it is classified into three types: external photoelectric effect, internal photoelectric effect, and photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric devices include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and photocells. The performance and characteristic curves of photoelectric devices are analyzed.

LUMMAX electrical component characteristics

Operating characteristics: The main characteristics characterizing the performance of a synchronous generator are the no-load characteristics and the load operating characteristics. These characteristics are an important basis for users to select generators. No-load characteristics: When the generator is not connected to a load, the armature current is zero, which is called no-load operation. Armature reaction: When the generator is connected to a symmetrical load, the three-phase current in the armature winding produces another rotating magnetic field, called the armature reaction magnetic field. Its rotational speed is exactly equal to the rotor speed, and both rotate synchronously. The armature reaction magnetic field of a synchronous generator and the rotor excitation magnetic field can both be approximately considered to be distributed according to a sinusoidal law. The spatial phase difference between them depends on the time phase difference between the no-load electromotive force E7 and the armature current I. The armature reaction magnetic field is also related to the load condition. When the generator load is inductive, the armature reaction magnetic field has a demagnetizing effect, causing the generator voltage to decrease; when the load is capacitive, the armature reaction magnetic field has a magnetizing effect, causing the generator output voltage to increase. Load operating characteristics: Mainly refer to external characteristics and adjustment characteristics. The external characteristic is the relationship between the generator terminal voltage U and the load current I when the speed is at the rated value, and the excitation current and load power factor are constant. The adjustment characteristic is the relationship between the excitation current If and the load current I when the speed and terminal voltage are at rated values, and the load power factor is constant.

LUMMAX electrical component function

The modulated pulses generated by the oscillation circuit pass through the reflection circuit, and light pulses are radiated by the light-emitting tube GL. When the measured object enters the effective range of the receiver, the reflected light pulses enter the phototransistor DU. In the receiving circuit, the light pulses are demodulated into electrical pulse signals, then amplified and synchronously gated and shaped by an amplifier, and then interference is excluded using digital integration or RC integration methods. Finally, the photoelectric switch control signal is output by triggering the driver after a delay (or without delay). Photoelectric switches generally have good hysteresis characteristics, so even if the detected object shakes within a small range, it will not affect the output status of the driver, thereby keeping it in a stable operating zone. At the same time, the self-diagnosis system can display the light-receiving status and the stable operating zone to monitor the work of the photoelectric switch at any time. Proximity switches are widely used in aviation, aerospace technology, and industrial production. In daily life, they are used in automatic doors in hotels, restaurants, and garages, as well as in automatic hot air blowers. For security and anti-theft purposes, important places such as archives, accounting departments, financial institutions, museums, and vaults are usually equipped with anti-theft devices composed of various proximity switches. In measurement technology, such as length and position measurement; in control technology, such as displacement, speed, and acceleration measurement and control, a large number of proximity switches are also used.

LUMMAX electrical component principle

Inductance is the ratio of the magnetic flux in a conductor to the current producing this magnetic flux, where alternating current flowing through the wire generates alternating magnetic flux inside and around the conductor. When direct current flows through an inductor, only fixed magnetic field lines appear around it, which do not change with time; however, when alternating current flows through a coil, magnetic field lines that change with time appear around it. Analyzed according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction (magnetism generating electricity), changing magnetic field lines produce an induced electromotive force at both ends of the coil, which acts as a "new power source." When a closed loop is formed, this induced electromotive force generates an induced current. According to Lenz's law, the total magnetic field lines produced by the induced current strive to oppose the change in the original magnetic field lines. Since the change in the original magnetic field lines originates from the change in the externally applied alternating power source, objectively, the inductor coil has the characteristic of opposing changes in current in an AC circuit. The inductor coil has characteristics similar to inertia in mechanics, named "self-induction" in electrical engineering. Sparks often occur at the instant of opening or closing a knife switch, which is caused by the high induced electromotive force generated by the self-induction phenomenon.

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