METABO electrical components, German METABO models, METABO prices

METABO electrical components are indispensable measuring instruments for departments such as power electronics, generally aimed at measuring voltage, current, and resistance. Multimeters are classified into analog multimeters and digital multimeters based on their display method. They are multifunctional, multi-range measuring instruments. Generally, multimeters can measure DC current, DC voltage, AC current, AC voltage, resistance, and audio levels; some can also measure AC current, capacitance, inductance, and certain semiconductor parameters (such as β). A multimeter is a magnetoelectric instrument equipped with a rectifier, capable of measuring various electrical parameters such as AC and DC current, voltage, and resistance. For each electrical quantity, there are generally several ranges. Also known as a multi-meter or simply multitester. A multimeter consists of a magnetoelectric ammeter (meter head), measuring circuit, and selector switch. By switching the selector switch, various electrical parameters can be measured conveniently. The main basis for its circuit calculation is Ohm's law for closed circuits. There are many types of multimeters, which should be selected according to different requirements during use.

METABO electrical component characteristics

The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the relationship between the output and input quantities when the input signal is static. Since the input and output quantities are independent of time in this case, their relationship, i.e., the static characteristics of the sensor, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or by a characteristic curve plotted with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate. The main parameters characterizing the static characteristics of a sensor include: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, drift, etc. (1) Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between the sensor output and input deviates from the fitted straight line. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum deviation between the actual characteristic curve and the fitted straight line within the full scale range to the full-scale output value. (2) Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of the static characteristics of a sensor. It is defined as the ratio of the increment of the output quantity to the corresponding increment of the input quantity that causes this increment. S is used to represent sensitivity. (3) Hysteresis: Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the input-output characteristic curves do not coincide when the input quantity changes from small to large (forward stroke) and from large to small (reverse stroke). For the same magnitude of input signal, the output signals of the sensor during the forward and reverse strokes are not equal; this difference is called the hysteresis error. (4) Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency in the characteristic curves obtained when the sensor input changes continuously multiple times over the full scale in the same direction. (5) Drift: Sensor drift refers to the phenomenon where the sensor output changes over time while the input remains constant. There are two reasons for drift: one is the sensor's own structural parameters; the other is the surrounding environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.). (6) Resolution: When the sensor input increases slowly from a non-zero value, a observable change in output occurs after exceeding a certain increment; this input increment is called the sensor's resolution, i.e., the minimum input increment. (7) Threshold: When the sensor input increases slowly from zero, a observable change in output occurs after reaching a certain value; this input value is called the sensor's threshold voltage.

METABO electrical component classification

Microphones can be divided into dynamic microphones and condenser microphones based on their transduction principle. Among them, dynamic types can be further subdivided into moving-coil microphones and ribbon microphones. Common commercial microphone types include condenser microphones, crystal microphones, carbon microphones, and dynamic microphones. Commonly used condenser microphones use two types of energy sources: DC bias power supply and electret film. Both these condenser microphones and crystal microphones convert sound energy into electrical energy, generating a changing electric field. Carbon microphones use a DC voltage source, changing their resistance through sound vibration, thereby converting sound signals into electrical signals. Condenser, crystal, and carbon microphones all generate a voltage signal proportional to the displacement of the sensitive diaphragm, while dynamic microphones generate a voltage signal proportional to the vibration velocity of the sensitive diaphragm. Dynamic microphones use permanent magnets as an energy source, converting sound energy into electrical energy based on the inductive effect.

METABO electrical component characteristics

(1) Wide transient response range, strong harmonic measurement capability. The quality of transient characteristics is an important parameter for judging whether a transformer can be applied in power systems, especially in coordination with relay protection operation time. Traditional electromagnetic transformers have poor response characteristics to high-frequency signals due to the presence of an iron core, and cannot correctly reflect the transient process on the primary side. In contrast, the frequency range of optical current transformers is mainly determined by the electronic circuit part, without the problem of iron core saturation, so they can accurately reflect the transient process on the primary side. The structure of optical sensors allows for the measurement of harmonics on high-voltage power lines, which is difficult to achieve with electromagnetic induction transformers. (2) Digital interface, strong communication capability. Since optical sensors transmit optical digital signals, they are easy to interface with communication networks, and there is no measurement error during transmission. Meanwhile, with the widespread adoption of microcomputer-based protection and control equipment, optical current transformers can directly provide digital quantities to secondary equipment, thus eliminating the transformers and A/D sampling parts in the original protection devices, greatly simplifying secondary equipment and promoting research on new protection principles. (3) Small size, light weight, easy to upgrade, meeting the requirements for miniaturization and compactness of substations. Since optical sensors rely on sensor heads and electronic circuits for signal acquisition and processing, they are small in size, with weights generally below 1004 kg, making them easy to integrate into AIS or GIS, thereby greatly reducing the floor area of substations and meeting the requirements for substation miniaturization and compactness. At the same time, optical current transformers connect to secondary equipment via a small number of optical fibers, significantly reducing cable trenches and cables.

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