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monacor electrical components are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They utilize energized coils (i.e., stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field, which acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame) to form electromagnetic rotational torque. Motors are classified into DC motors and AC motors based on the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous motors or asynchronous motors (where the speed of the stator magnetic field does not remain synchronized with the rotor rotation speed). A motor mainly consists of a stator and a rotor. The direction of motion of current-carrying conductors under force in a magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field lines (magnetic field direction). The working principle of a motor is that the magnetic field exerts force on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

monacor electrical component characteristics

Resolution refers to the ability of a sensor to detect the smallest change in the measured quantity. That is, if the input changes slowly from a non-zero value, the sensor output will not change when the input change does not exceed a certain value, meaning the sensor cannot resolve this change in the input. The output will only change when the input change exceeds the resolution. Typically, the resolution at various points within the full-scale range of a sensor is not identical; therefore, the maximum change in input within the full scale that causes a step change in the output is commonly used as the indicator for resolution. If the above indicator is expressed as a percentage of the full scale, it is termed resolution. Resolution has a negative correlation with sensor stability.

monacor electrical component classification

Thyristors have multiple classification methods: (1) Classification by turn-off, conduction, and control methods: Thyristors can be divided into conventional thyristors, bidirectional thyristors, reverse-conducting thyristors, gate turn-off thyristors, BTG thyristors, temperature-controlled thyristors, and light-controlled thyristors, among others. (2) Classification by pins and polarity: Thyristors can be divided into two-pin thyristors, three-pin thyristors, and four-pin thyristors based on their pins and polarity. (3) Classification by package type: Thyristors can be divided into three types based on their package: metal-packaged thyristors, plastic-packaged thyristors, and ceramic-packaged thyristors. Among these, metal-packaged thyristors are further divided into bolt-type, flat-type, and round-case types, among others; plastic-packaged thyristors are divided into types with heat sinks and types without heat sinks. (4) Classification by current capacity: Thyristors can be divided into high-power thyristors, medium-power thyristors, and low-power thyristors based on current capacity. Typically, high-power thyristors mostly use metal casing packages, while medium- and low-power thyristors mostly use plastic or ceramic packages. (5) Classification by turn-off speed: Thyristors can be divided into conventional thyristors and high-frequency (fast) thyristors based on their turn-off speed. (6) Zero-crossing triggering - generally used for power regulation, i.e., triggering occurs when the phase of the sinusoidal AC voltage crosses zero; triggering must occur at the zero-crossing point to conduct the thyristor. (7) Non-zero-crossing triggering - the thyristor can be triggered to conduct regardless of the phase of the AC voltage; common examples include phase-shift triggering, which changes the output percentage by altering the conduction angle (phase angle) of the sinusoidal AC.

monacor electrical component classification

For different application scenarios, the purpose of applying varistors and the voltage/current stress acting on the varistors are not identical, resulting in different requirements for the varistors. Distinguishing these differences is crucial for correct usage. Based on the purpose of use, varistors can be categorized into two main types: protection varistors and circuit function varistors. (1) Protection varistors: 1, distinguish between power supply protection varistors and signal line or data line protection varistors, as they must meet different technical standard requirements. 2, based on the different continuous operating voltages applied to the varistor, varistors across power lines can be distinguished into AC types or DC types; varistors exhibit different aging characteristics under these two voltage stresses. 12, based on the different abnormal overvoltage characteristics withstandable by the varistor, varistors can be categorized into surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type. (2) Surge suppression type: refers to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The occurrence of such transient overvoltages is random and non-periodic, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The vast majority of varistors belong to this category. (3) High-power type: refers to varistors used to absorb continuous pulse groups that appear periodically, such as varistors connected in parallel to switching power supply converters. Here, impulse voltages appear periodically, and the period is known. The energy value can generally be calculated. Although the voltage peak is not very high, the average power is considerable due to the high frequency of occurrence. (4) High-energy type: refers to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy in large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical indicator is energy absorption capability. The protective function of varistors can be repeated multiple times in most application scenarios, but sometimes they are made into one-time protective devices similar to current fuses. For example, varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

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