pflitsch electrical components Germany pflitsch model pflitsch price

pflitsch electrical components are tools that can accurately determine and measure temperature, divided into pointer thermometers and digital thermometers. Depending on the temperature-sensing substance used and the temperature measurement range, there are kerosene thermometers, alcohol thermometers, mercury thermometers, gas thermometers, resistance thermometers, thermocouple thermometers, radiation thermometers and optical pyrometers, bimetallic thermometers, etc. Digital thermometers can accurately determine and measure temperature, displaying it digitally rather than with a pointer or mercury. Hence they are called digital thermometers or digital temperature gauges.

pflitsch electrical component characteristics

Operating characteristics: The main characteristics characterizing the performance of a synchronous generator are the no-load characteristics and the load operating characteristics. These characteristics are an important basis for users to select generators. No-load characteristics: When the generator is not connected to a load, the armature current is zero, which is called no-load operation. Armature reaction: When the generator is connected to a symmetrical load, the three-phase currents in the armature windings produce another rotating magnetic field, called the armature reaction magnetic field. Its rotational speed is exactly equal to the rotor speed, and the two rotate synchronously. The armature reaction magnetic field of a synchronous generator and the rotor excitation magnetic field can both be approximated as distributed according to a sinusoidal law. The spatial phase difference between them depends on the time phase difference between the no-load electromotive force E5 and the armature current I. The armature reaction magnetic field is also related to the load condition. When the generator load is inductive, the armature reaction magnetic field has a demagnetizing effect, causing the generator voltage to decrease; when the load is capacitive, the armature reaction magnetic field has a magnetizing effect, causing the generator output voltage to increase. Load operating characteristics: Mainly refer to external characteristics and adjustment characteristics. The external characteristic is the relationship between the generator terminal voltage U and the load current I when the speed is at the rated value, and the excitation current and load power factor are constants. The adjustment characteristic is the relationship between the excitation current If and the load current I when the speed and terminal voltage are at rated values, and the load power factor is constant.

pflitsch electrical component performance

The main performance indicators of loudspeakers include parameters such as sensitivity, frequency response, rated power, rated impedance, directivity, and distortion. (1) Rated power: Loudspeaker power is divided into nominal power and maximum power. Nominal power is also called rated power or non-distortion power. It refers to the maximum input power allowed within the rated non-distortion range of the loudspeaker; the power marked on the loudspeaker's label and technical manual is this power value. Maximum power refers to the peak power that the loudspeaker can withstand at any instant. (2) Rated impedance: The impedance of a loudspeaker is generally related to frequency. (3) Frequency response: When audio signals of the same voltage but different frequencies are applied to a loudspeaker, the resulting sound pressure will change. Generally, the sound pressure produced at mid-audio frequencies is higher, while it is lower at low and high audio frequencies. The frequency range of high and low tones when the sound pressure drops to a certain value of the mid-audio tone is called the frequency response characteristic of that loudspeaker. (4) Distortion: The phenomenon where a loudspeaker cannot faithfully reproduce the original sound is called distortion. There are two types of distortion: frequency distortion and nonlinear distortion. Frequency distortion is caused by stronger reproduction of signals at some frequencies and weaker reproduction at others; distortion destroys the original proportion of high and low sound intensities, changing the original timbre. Nonlinear distortion is caused by the vibration of the loudspeaker's vibration system not being completely consistent with the signal fluctuations, adding new frequency components to the output sound waves. (5) Directivity characteristic: Used to characterize the sound pressure distribution radiated by the loudspeaker in various spatial directions; the higher the frequency, the narrower the directivity, and the larger the paper cone, the stronger the directivity.

pflitsch electrical component parameters

The main characteristic parameters of quartz crystal resonators include nominal frequency, adjustment frequency deviation, temperature frequency deviation, equivalent resistance, drive level, load capacitance, shunt capacitance, aging rate, and temperature range. (1) Nominal frequency is the specified resonant center frequency of the resonator under prescribed conditions. (2) Adjustment frequency deviation is the maximum deviation of the operating frequency from the nominal frequency at the reference temperature under prescribed conditions. (3) Temperature frequency deviation is the allowable deviation from the operating frequency at the reference temperature over the entire operating temperature range under prescribed conditions. (4) Reference temperature is the specified ambient temperature when measuring quartz crystal resonator parameters. For oven-controlled quartz crystal resonators, it is generally the center point of the operating temperature range; (5) Load resonant resistance is the resistance value at the load resonant frequency when the quartz crystal resonator is connected in series with a specified external capacitance. (6) Drive level refers to the effective power consumed when the quartz crystal resonator is working; it is a measure of the excitation state applied to the quartz crystal element. In actual use, the drive level can be adjusted; strong excitation makes it easy to start oscillation, while too weak excitation leads to poor frequency stability, or even failure to oscillate. (7) Load capacitance refers to the effective external capacitance that, together with the quartz crystal resonator, determines the load resonant frequency. Load capacitance can be appropriately adjusted according to specific circumstances; through adjustment, the operating frequency of the resonator can generally be tuned to the nominal value. (8) Shunt capacitance refers to the static capacitance between the two pins of the quartz crystal resonator. (9) Aging rate refers to the error generated due to quartz crystal aging changes over time. (10) Temperature range refers to the allowable variation range of the ambient temperature during operation.

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