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Philippi electrical components are energy conversion devices that convert sound signals into electrical signals. Categories include moving-coil, condenser, electret, and the recently emerging silicon microphones, as well as liquid microphones and laser microphones. Most microphones are electret condenser microphones, which operate using a polymer diaphragm with permanently isolated charge.

Philippi electrical component structure

The simplest switch consists of two metal pieces called "contacts"; when the two contacts touch, they complete the current circuit, and when they do not touch, the current circuit is open. When selecting contact metals, their corrosion resistance must be considered, because most metals form insulating oxides after oxidation, preventing the contacts from functioning properly. Selecting contact metals also requires considering factors such as electrical conductivity, hardness, mechanical strength, cost, and toxicity. Corrosion-resistant metals are sometimes plated onto the contacts. Plating is generally applied to the contact surfaces to prevent performance degradation due to oxides. Sometimes non-metallic conductive materials, such as conductive plastics, are used for the contact surfaces. In addition to contacts, switches have movable parts that make or break the contact connection. Switches can be classified into toggle switches, pushbutton switches, rocker switches, etc., based on the different types of movable parts, and the movable parts can also be other forms of mechanical linkages.

Philippi electrical component classification

Circuit breakers are classified by number of poles: single-pole, two-pole, three-pole, and four-pole; by installation method: plug-in, fixed, and draw-out.

Philippi electrical component classification

In different application scenarios, the purpose of using varistors and the voltage/current stresses applied to them vary, leading to different requirements for varistors. It is crucial to distinguish these differences for proper usage. Based on the application purpose, varistors can be categorized into two main types: protection varistors and circuit function varistors.(1) Protection varistors:1 Distinguish between power supply protection and signal line or data line protection varistors, as they must meet different technical standards.2 Depending on the continuous operating voltage applied to the varistor, those used across power lines can be classified into AC or DC types, with different aging characteristics under these two voltage stresses.4 Based on the abnormal overvoltage characteristics that the varistor can withstand, varistors can be divided into three types: surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type.(2) Surge suppression type: Refers to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning-induced overvoltages and switching overvoltages. These transient overvoltages occur randomly and non-periodically, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The majority of varistors fall into this category.(3) High-power type: Refers to varistors used to absorb periodic continuous pulse groups, such as varistors connected in parallel with switch-mode power supply converters. Here, the impulse voltage occurs periodically with a known cycle, and the energy value can generally be calculated. Although the voltage peak is not very high, the average power is considerable due to the high frequency of occurrence.(4) High-energy type: Refers to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy from large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the primary technical indicator is energy absorption capacity. In most application scenarios, the protective function of varistors can act repeatedly; however, they are sometimes designed as one-time protective devices similar to current fuses. For example, varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

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