PILZ electrical components German PILZ models PILZ prices

PILZ electrical components utilize the good conductivity and fluidity of mercury to control the opening and closing of electrical circuits. They consist of a glass tube, mercury, fixed electrodes, lead wires, etc. After evacuating the air from the tube, it is filled with various gases and sealed. It is suitable for environments with dust, oil, water vapor, and corrosive gases, and can also be used as an explosion-proof switch in areas with explosive gases. Given the high surface tension and specific gravity of the mercury inside the tube, along with its fluidity, the position of the mercury changes immediately with even a slight tilt of the glass tube, making contact with the electrode via surface contact, thus enabling the switching of high AC and DC currents. Additionally, this switch features a lifespan of several million cycles at rated current, compact size, high sensitivity, no mechanical noise, and low cost, so it has always been used as a switch for automatic control.

PILZ electrical component structure

A solid-state relay consists of three parts: the input circuit, isolation, and output circuit. Depending on the input voltage category, the input circuit can be divided into DC input, AC input, and AC/DC input circuits. Some input control circuits are compatible with TTL/CMOS, featuring positive/negative logic control and inversion functions, allowing easy connection to TTL and MOS logic circuits. For control signals with fixed control voltage, resistive input circuits are used. The isolation and coupling methods between the input and output circuits of solid-state relays include optocoupling and transformer coupling. Optocoupling typically uses photodiode-phototransistor, photodiode-triac optocoupler, or photovoltaic cells to achieve isolated control between the control side and the load side. High-frequency transformer coupling utilizes the self-excited high-frequency signal generated by the input control signal, which is coupled to the secondary side, then demodulated, rectified, and processed by logic circuits to form a drive signal. The power switch of the solid-state relay is directly connected to the power supply and load terminals to switch the load power on and off. Mainly used components include high-power transistors, SCRs, triacs, power MOSFETs, and IGBTs. The output circuit of a solid-state relay can also be divided into DC output, AC output, and AC/DC output forms. Based on load type, they can be classified into DC solid-state relays and AC solid-state relays. For DC output, bipolar devices or power MOSFETs can be used; for AC output, two SCRs or one triac are typically used. AC solid-state relays can be further divided into single-phase AC solid-state relays and three-phase AC solid-state relays. Based on the timing of conduction and turn-off, AC solid-state relays can be classified into random-turn-on AC solid-state relays and zero-crossing AC solid-state relays.

PILZ electrical component features

LED lamps are light-emitting diodes, using solid semiconductor chips as the light-emitting material. Compared with traditional lamps, LED lamps are energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and offer good color rendering and response speed. (1) Energy saving is the most prominent feature of LED lamps in terms of energy consumption; the energy consumption of LED lamps is one-tenth that of incandescent lamps and one-quarter that of energy-saving lamps. This is a major advantage of LED lamps. As people now prioritize energy conservation and environmental protection, this energy-saving feature has made LED lamps widely applicable and very popular. (2) Can operate in high-speed switching states. When walking on the street, one may notice that screens or images composed of LED are constantly changing. This indicates that LED lamps can perform high-speed switching. However, ordinary incandescent lamps cannot achieve such operating states. In daily life, excessive switching will directly cause the filament of an incandescent lamp to break. This is also an important reason for the popularity of LED lamps. (3) Environmental protection: LED lamps do not contain any heavy metals such as mercury, whereas fluorescent lamps do, reflecting the environmental friendliness of LED lamps. As people now place great importance on environmental protection, more people are willing to choose environmentally friendly LED lamps. (4) Fast response speed is another prominent feature of LED lamps; they respond quickly. As soon as the power is connected, the LED lamp lights up immediately. Compared with the energy-saving lamps we usually use, their response speed is faster. When turning on traditional bulbs, it often takes a long time to illuminate the room, and they only brighten after the bulb has fully heated up. (5) Compared with other light sources, LED lamps are "cleaner." The term "clean" does not refer to the cleanliness of the lamp's surface or interior, but rather that the lamp is a cold light source, generating little heat and not attracting insects that are attracted to light and heat. Especially in summer, there are many insects in rural areas. Some insects are naturally attracted to heat; incandescent and energy-saving lamps generate heat after being used for a period, which attracts insects. This inevitably brings pollutants to the lamp surface, and insect excrement can make the indoor environment dirty. However, LED lamps are cold light sources and do not attract insects, thus avoiding insect excrement. Therefore, LED lamps are "cleaner." Semiconductor light-emitting diodes have a wide range of applications, low power consumption, long service life, and are low-carbon and environmentally friendly. The application of semiconductor light-emitting diodes in China is very widespread; many lighting devices in residential homes use semiconductor light-emitting diodes, and most streetlights use semiconductor light-emitting diode streetlights as the lighting source. Some road lighting fixtures also combine solar technology, saving a significant amount of electrical energy. Photodiodes can be classified into gallium aluminum arsenide photodiodes, aluminum gallium phosphide arsenide photodiodes, gallium phosphide photodiodes, and aluminum arsenide photodiodes, depending on the material.

PILZ electrical component classification

a. By material: silicon transistors, germanium transistors. b. By structure: NPN, PNP. c. By function: switching transistors, power transistors, Darlington transistors, photosensitive transistors, etc. d. By power: low-power transistors, medium-power transistors, high-power transistors. e. By operating frequency: low-frequency transistors, high-frequency transistors, ultra-high-frequency transistors. f. By structural process: alloy transistors, planar transistors. g. By mounting method: through-hole transistors, SMD transistors.

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