POETTER electrical components Germany POETTER model POETTER price

POETTER electrical components are electrical control devices. When the change in the input quantity (excitation quantity) meets specified requirements, they cause a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit. They have an interactive relationship between the control system (also known as the input loop) and the controlled system (also known as the output loop). Typically applied in automated control circuits, they essentially function as "automatic switches" that use small currents to control the operation of large currents. Therefore, they play roles in automatic regulation, safety protection, and circuit switching in electrical circuits. A relay is an electrical control device that can accept a specified input quantity and maintain it for a sufficient duration, causing a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit. When the input quantity drops to a certain level and is maintained for a sufficient duration, it returns to its initial state.

POETTER electrical component characteristics

The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the relationship between the output quantity and the input quantity for static input signals. Since the input and output quantities are independent of time in this case, their relationship, i.e., the static characteristics of the sensor, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or by a characteristic curve plotted with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate. The main parameters characterizing the static characteristics of a sensor include: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, drift, etc. (1) Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between the sensor's output quantity and input quantity deviates from the fitted straight line. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum deviation between the actual characteristic curve and the fitted straight line over the full scale range to the full-scale output value. (2) Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of a sensor's static characteristics. It is defined as the ratio of the increment in the output quantity to the corresponding increment in the input quantity that causes this increment. Use S to represent sensitivity. (3) Hysteresis: Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the input-output characteristic curves do not coincide when the sensor's input quantity changes from small to large (forward stroke) and from large to small (reverse stroke). For the same magnitude of input signal, the output signals for the forward and reverse strokes of the sensor are not equal; this difference is called the hysteresis difference. (4) Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency in the characteristic curves obtained when the sensor's input quantity undergoes continuous multiple full-scale changes in the same direction. (5) Drift: Sensor drift refers to the phenomenon where the sensor's output quantity changes over time while the input quantity remains constant. There are two main causes of drift: one is the sensor's own structural parameters; the other is the surrounding environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.). (6) Resolution: When the sensor's input slowly increases from a non-zero value, the output undergoes an observable change after exceeding a certain increment. This input increment is called the sensor's resolution, i.e., the minimum input increment. (7) Threshold: When the sensor's input slowly increases from zero, the output undergoes an observable change after reaching a certain value. This input value is called the sensor's threshold voltage.

POETTER electrical component parameters

The main parameters of transistors include current amplification factor, dissipation power, frequency characteristics, maximum collector current, maximum reverse voltage, and reverse current. Amplification factor: The DC current amplification factor, also known as the static current amplification factor or DC amplification ratio, refers to the ratio of the transistor's collector current to the base current when there is no changing signal input in the static state. AC amplification factor: The AC amplification factor, also known as the AC current amplification factor or dynamic current amplification factor, refers to the ratio of the change in the transistor's collector current to the change in the base current under AC conditions. Dissipation power: Dissipation power, also known as the maximum allowable collector dissipation power PCM, refers to the maximum collector dissipation power when the transistor parameters do not exceed the specified allowable values. Dissipation power is closely related to the transistor's maximum allowable junction temperature and maximum collector current. During use, the actual power consumption of the transistor must not exceed the PCM value; otherwise, the transistor will be damaged due to overload. When the operating frequency of the transistor exceeds the cutoff frequency, its current amplification factor will decrease as the frequency increases. The maximum oscillation frequency refers to the frequency at which the transistor's power gain drops to 9. Typically, the maximum oscillation frequency of high-frequency transistors is lower than the common-base cutoff frequency, while the characteristic frequency is higher than the common-base cutoff frequency and lower than the common-collector cutoff frequency. Maximum current: The maximum collector current refers to the maximum current allowed to pass through the transistor's collector. Maximum reverse voltage: The maximum reverse voltage refers to the highest operating voltage allowed to be applied to the transistor during operation. It includes the collector-emitter reverse breakdown voltage, collector-base reverse breakdown voltage, and emitter-base reverse breakdown voltage. Collector reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and emitter when the transistor base is open. Base reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and base when the transistor emitter is open. Emitter reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the emitter and base when the transistor collector is open. The reverse current between the bases, also known as the collector junction reverse leakage current, refers to the reverse current between the collector and base when the transistor emitter is open. The reverse breakdown current between the emitters refers to the reverse leakage current between the collector and emitter when the transistor base is open, also known as the penetration current. The smaller this current value, the better the performance of the transistor.

POETTER electrical component functions

In DC circuits, capacitors are equivalent to open circuits. A capacitor is a component capable of storing electric charge and is one of the most commonly used electronic components. Starting with the structure of a capacitor, the simplest capacitor consists of two end plates and an insulating dielectric medium in between (including air). After being energized, the plates become charged, forming a voltage (potential difference). However, due to the insulating material in between, the entire capacitor does not conduct electricity. However, this situation holds under the premise that the capacitor's critical voltage (breakdown voltage) is not exceeded. We know that any material is relatively insulating; when the voltage across a material increases to a certain extent, the material can conduct electricity. We call this voltage the breakdown voltage. Capacitors are no exception; once a capacitor breaks down, it is no longer an insulator. However, at the secondary school level, such voltages are not seen in circuits, so they operate below the breakdown voltage and can be regarded as insulators. However, in AC circuits, because the direction of the current changes according to a certain functional relationship with time. And the charging and discharging process of a capacitor takes time. At this time, a changing electric field is formed between the plates, and this electric field is also a function that changes with time. In fact, current passes through the capacitor in the form of an electric field.

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