POPP electrical components German POPP model POPP price

POPP electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors...; electronic devices include analog circuits (operational amplifiers, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage/frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), monitoring and reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring)..., too numerous to mention.

POPP electrical component functions

Functions of capacitors: 1. Capacitors used in coupling circuits are called coupling capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is widely used in RC-coupled amplifiers and other capacitor-coupled circuits to block DC and pass AC. 2. Capacitors used in filtering circuits are called filter capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is used in power supply filters and various filter circuits; filter capacitors remove signals within a certain frequency band from the total signal. 2. Capacitors used in decoupling circuits are called decoupling capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is used in the DC voltage supply circuits of multi-stage amplifiers; decoupling capacitors eliminate harmful low-frequency coupling between amplifier stages. 3. Capacitors used in high-frequency oscillation suppression circuits are called high-frequency suppression capacitors. In audio negative feedback amplifiers, this type of capacitor circuit is adopted to suppress potential high-frequency self-oscillation, thereby eliminating possible high-frequency whistling in the amplifier. 4. Capacitors used in LC resonant circuits are called resonant capacitors. This type of capacitor circuit is required in both LC parallel and series resonant circuits. 5. Capacitors used in bypass circuits are called bypass capacitors. If a specific frequency band needs to be removed from a signal in a circuit, a bypass capacitor circuit can be used. Depending on the frequency of the signal to be removed, there are full-frequency-domain (all AC signals) bypass capacitor circuits and high-frequency bypass capacitor circuits. 6. Capacitors used in neutralization circuits are called neutralization capacitors. This type of neutralization capacitor circuit is adopted in RF and IF amplifiers of radios and RF amplifiers of televisions to eliminate self-oscillation. 7. Capacitors used in timing circuits are called timing capacitors. Timing capacitor circuits are used in circuits where time control is achieved through capacitor charging and discharging; the capacitor controls the magnitude of the time constant. 8. Capacitors used in integration circuits are called integrating capacitors. This type of integrating capacitor circuit is adopted in the synchronous separation circuit for potential field scanning to extract the field synchronization signal from the field composite synchronization signal. 9. Capacitors used in differentiation circuits are called differentiating capacitors. This type of differentiating capacitor circuit is adopted in flip-flop circuits to obtain sharp-triggered signals, thereby deriving sharp pulse trigger signals from various (mainly rectangular pulse) signals. 10. Capacitors used in compensation circuits are called compensation capacitors. This type of low-frequency compensation capacitor circuit is used in the bass compensation circuit of cassette decks to enhance low-frequency signals in the playback audio; additionally, there are high-frequency compensation capacitor circuits. 11. Capacitors used in bootstrap circuits are called bootstrap capacitors. The commonly used OTL power amplifier output stage circuit adopts this bootstrap capacitor circuit to slightly increase the amplitude of the positive half-cycle of the signal through positive feedback. 12. Capacitors used in crossover circuits are called crossover capacitors. Crossover capacitor circuits are used in the speaker crossover networks of loudspeakers to ensure that high-frequency speakers operate in the high-frequency band, mid-range speakers operate in the mid-frequency band, and low-frequency speakers operate in the low-frequency band. 13. Refers to the effective external capacitance that, together with the quartz crystal resonator, determines the load resonant frequency. Common standard values for load capacitance are 16pF, 20pF, 30pF, 50pF, and 105pF. Load capacitance can be appropriately adjusted according to specific conditions; generally, adjusting it allows tuning the resonator's operating frequency to the nominal value.

POPP electrical component structure

A bipolar junction transistor is fabricated by creating two closely spaced PN junctions on a single semiconductor substrate. These two PN junctions divide the entire semiconductor into three regions: the base region in the middle, and the emitter and collector regions on either side. There are two configurations: PNP and NPN. Corresponding electrodes are drawn from these three regions: the base b, the emitter e, and the collector c. The PN junction between the emitter and base regions is called the emitter junction, and the PN junction between the collector and base regions is called the collector junction. The base region is very thin, while the emitter region is thicker with a high impurity concentration. In PNP type transistors, the emitter "emits" holes, whose movement direction is consistent with the current direction, so the emitter arrow points inward; in NPN type transistors, the emitter "emits" free electrons, whose movement direction is opposite to the current direction, so the emitter arrow points outward. The direction of the emitter arrow also indicates the conduction direction of the PN junction under forward voltage. Both silicon and germanium bipolar transistors come in PNP and NPN types. Transistor package types and pin identification: Common transistor packages fall into two main categories: metal and plastic. Pin arrangements follow certain patterns. When viewed from the bottom with the three pins forming the vertices of an isosceles triangle, the order from left to right is e b c. For small-to-medium power plastic transistors, orient the flat side towards you with the three pins pointing downwards; the order from left to right is then e b c.

POPP electrical component characteristics

(1) has a wide transient response range and strong harmonic measurement capability. The quality of transient characteristics is an important parameter for determining whether a transformer can be applied in power systems, particularly regarding coordination with relay protection operation times. Traditional electromagnetic transformers have poor response characteristics to high-frequency signals due to the presence of an iron core and cannot correctly reflect the transient process on the primary side. In contrast, the frequency range of optical current transformers is mainly determined by the electronic circuitry, without issues of iron core saturation, thus accurately reflecting the transient process on the primary side. The structure of optical sensors allows measurement of harmonics on high-voltage power lines, which is difficult to achieve with electromagnetic induction transformers. (2) Digital interfaces offer strong communication capabilities. Since optical sensors transmit optical digital signals, they interface easily with communication networks without measurement errors during transmission. Furthermore, with the widespread adoption of microprocessor-based protection and control equipment, optical current transformers can directly provide digital quantities to secondary equipment. This eliminates the need for transformers and A/D sampling sections in original protection devices, greatly simplifying secondary equipment and promoting research into new protection principles. (3) Small size, light weight, and easy upgradability meet the requirements for miniaturized and compact substations. As optical sensors rely on sensor heads and electronic circuits for signal acquisition and processing, they are small in size, typically weighing less than 1001 kg, making them easy to integrate into AIS or GIS. This significantly reduces the footprint of substations, meeting the requirements for miniaturization and compactness. Additionally, connecting optical current transformers to secondary equipment via a small number of optical fibers greatly reduces the need for cable trenches and cables.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German POPP connectors, POPP switches, POPP relays, POPP controllers, POPP plugs, POPP sensors, POPP resistors, POPP capacitors, POPP buses, POPP modules, POPP cables, POPP power supplies, POPP interfaces, POPP gateways, POPP circuit breakers, POPP original imports from Germany. Welcome customers to inquire and order.