QUEL electrical components German QUEL models QUEL prices

QUEL electrical components utilize the good conductivity and fluidity of mercury to control the opening and closing of electrical circuits. They consist of a glass tube, mercury, fixed electrodes, lead wires, etc. After evacuating the air from the tube, it is filled with various gases and sealed. They are suitable for environments with dust, oil, water vapor, and corrosive gases, and can also be used as explosion-proof switches in areas with explosive gases. Due to the high surface tension and specific gravity of the mercury inside the tube, along with its high fluidity, the position of the mercury changes immediately with even a slight tilt of the glass tube, making contact with the electrode via surface contact, thus allowing it to switch large AC and DC currents. Additionally, this type of switch features a lifespan of up to several million operations at rated current, small size, high sensitivity, no mechanical noise, and low cost, so it has always been used as a switch for automatic control.

QUEL electrical component principle

A resistor consists of three parts: the resistive element, the body, and the terminals (for solid-core resistors, the resistive element and body are integrated), but only the resistive element determines the resistance value. The volt-ampere characteristic is represented by a graphical curve showing the relationship between voltage and current at the resistor terminals; when voltage and current are proportional (the characteristic is a straight line), it is called a linear resistor; otherwise, it is called a non-linear resistor. The maximum power dissipation allowed for continuous operation of the resistor at the rated temperature (maximum ambient temperature) tR. For each resistor, a maximum operating voltage is also specified; that is, when the resistance value is high, the maximum operating voltage must not be exceeded even if the rated power is not reached. The rated power of a resistor refers to the maximum power allowed to be consumed during long-term continuous operation in DC or AC circuits. Load characteristics: When the ambient operating temperature is below tR, the resistor must not exceed its rated power; when it exceeds tR, the load power must be derated. Each resistor has specified load characteristics. In addition, the allowable load is correspondingly reduced under low pressure. Under pulse load conditions, the average pulse power is far lower than the rated power, and separate specifications generally apply.

QUEL electrical component classification

Classification by operating principle or structural characteristics of relays: (1) Electromagnetic relay: An electrical relay that operates using the attractive force generated between the electromagnet core and the armature by the current in the input circuit. (2) Solid-state relay: A relay where electronic components perform its functions without mechanical moving parts, providing isolation between input and output. (3) Temperature relay: A relay that operates when the external temperature reaches a set value. (4) Reed relay: A relay that opens, closes, or switches circuits using the action of reeds sealed in a tube, which serve the dual function of contact springs and armature magnetic circuit. (5) Time relay: A relay whose output section delays or limits the time to a specified duration before closing or disconnecting the controlled circuit when an input signal is applied or removed. (6) High-frequency relay: A relay used for switching high-frequency and RF lines with minimal loss. (7) Polarized relay: A relay that operates through the combined effect of a polarizing magnetic field and the magnetic field generated by the control current passing through the control coil. The operating direction of the relay depends on the direction of the current flowing through the control coil. (8) Other types of relays: Such as optical relays, acoustic relays, thermal relays, instrument relays, Hall effect relays, differential relays, etc.

QUEL electrical component applications

The structure and characteristics of Schottky diodes make them suitable for high-frequency rectification in low-voltage, high-current output applications, for detection and mixing at very high frequencies (such as X band, C band, S band, and Ku band), and for clamping in high-speed logic circuits. In addition to the characteristic parameters of ordinary PN junction diodes, the electrical parameters of Schottky diodes used for detection and mixing include intermediate frequency impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, and noise figure. Schottky barrier diodes are a type of low-power, ultra-high-speed semiconductor device. Their most significant feature is an extremely short reverse recovery time (as low as a few nanoseconds). They are mostly used as high-frequency, low-voltage, high-current rectifier diodes, freewheeling diodes, and protection diodes, and are also used as rectifier diodes and small-signal detection diodes in microwave communication circuits. They are relatively common in communication power supplies, variable frequency drives, etc. A typical application is in the switching circuit of a bipolar junction transistor BJT, where a Shockley diode is connected to the BJT for clamping, so that the transistor is actually close to the cutoff state when in the conducting state, thereby increasing the switching speed of the transistor. The main feature of Schottky diodes is a relatively small forward voltage drop. At the same current, their forward voltage drop is much smaller. Additionally, their recovery time is short. They also have some disadvantages: relatively low voltage resistance and slightly higher leakage current. Comprehensive consideration is required when selecting them.

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