REHAUAUTOMOTIVE electrical components Germany REHAUAUTOMOTIVE model REHAUAUTOMOTIVE price

REHAUAUTOMOTIVE electrical components are instruments that measure by converting high primary current to low secondary current based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary winding has very few turns and is connected in series in the circuit where the current needs to be measured. Therefore, the full current of the line often flows through it. The secondary winding has more turns and is connected in series in the measuring instrument and protection circuits. When the current transformer is in operation, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the coils in series with the measuring instrument and protection circuit is very small, and the operating state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit. The current transformer converts high primary current to low secondary current for measurement; the secondary side must not be open-circuited. The principle of the current transformer is based on electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary winding has very few turns and is connected in series in the circuit where the current needs to be measured, so the full current of the line often flows through it. The secondary winding has more turns and is connected in series in the measuring instrument and protection circuits. When the current transformer is in operation, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the coils in series with the measuring instrument and protection circuit is very small, and the operating state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit.

REHAUAUTOMOTIVE electrical component principle

In power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, and consumption lines, current magnitudes vary significantly, ranging from a few amperes to tens of thousands of amperes. To facilitate measurement, protection, and control, it is necessary to convert these to a relatively uniform current. Additionally, voltages on lines are generally high, making direct measurement very dangerous. Current transformers serve the functions of current transformation and electrical isolation. For analog ammeters, the secondary current of current transformers is mostly at the ampere level. For digital instruments, the sampled signal is generally at the milliampere level. The secondary current of miniature current transformers is at the milliampere level, primarily serving as a bridge between large transformers and sampling. Miniature current transformers are also referred to as "instrument current transformers." ("Instrument current transformer" also implies precision current transformers with multiple current ratios used in laboratories, generally for extending instrument ranges.) Similar to transformers, current transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction; transformers transform voltage, whereas current transformers transform current. The winding of the current transformer connected to the current being measured is called the primary winding; the winding connected to the measuring instrument is called the secondary winding. The ratio of the primary winding current I1 to the secondary winding I5 current is called the actual current ratio K. The current ratio when the current transformer operates at rated current is called the rated current ratio of the current transformer, denoted by Kn.

REHAUAUTOMOTIVE electrical component structure

Common electrodynamic cone paper-cone loudspeakers. Electrodynamic cone loudspeakers were formerly known as paper-cone loudspeakers; although the diaphragm is still mainly paper-cone, many polymer material diaphragms and metal diaphragms have appeared, making the term cone loudspeaker appropriate. Cone paper-cone loudspeakers generally consist of three main parts: the magnetic circuit system (permanent magnet, pole piece, magnetic plate), the vibration system (paper cone, voice coil), and the support auxiliary system (spider, basket, surround). 1. Voice coil: The voice coil is the drive unit of the cone paper-cone loudspeaker. It is made of very fine copper wire wound in two layers on a paper tube, generally with dozens of turns, also known as a coil, and is placed in the magnetic gap formed by the magnetic pole piece and the magnetic plate. The voice coil is fixed to the paper cone. When an audio current signal is applied to the voice coil, the vibration of the voice coil drives the vibration of the paper cone. 2. Paper cone: There are many types of materials used for the cone diaphragm of cone paper-cone loudspeakers, generally divided into natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Natural fibers commonly include cotton, wood, wool, and silk, while synthetic fibers include rayon, nylon, and fiberglass. Since the paper cone is the sound radiation element of the loudspeaker and largely determines its acoustic performance, any paper cone must be lightweight and rigid, and must not deform due to changes in ambient temperature or humidity. 3. Surround: The surround is designed to ensure axial movement of the paper cone along the loudspeaker axis and restrict lateral movement, while also preventing air flow between the front and back of the paper cone. In addition to materials commonly used for paper cones, surrounds use plastics and natural rubber, which are thermally bonded to the paper cone. 13. Spider: The spider supports the junction of the voice coil and the paper cone, ensuring it remains vertical and not skewed. The spider has many concentric rings, allowing the voice coil to move freely up and down in the magnetic gap without lateral movement, ensuring the voice coil does not touch the magnetic plate. The dust cap on the spider prevents external dust from entering the magnetic gap, avoiding friction between dust and the voice coil, which could cause abnormal sounds in the loudspeaker. Generally, a loudspeaker consists of a magnet, frame, spider, molded surround, and cone paper cone.

REHAUAUTOMOTIVE electrical component principle

NPN type bipolar transistors can be viewed as two diodes joined with a common anode. In the normal operating state of a bipolar transistor, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased, while the base-collector junction is reverse-biased. Without external voltage, the electron concentration in the N region of the emitter junction is greater than that in the P region, and some electrons will diffuse into the P region. Similarly, some holes in the P region will diffuse into the N region. Thus, a space charge region forms on the emitter junction, generating an internal electric field directed from the N region to the P region. This field hinders further diffusion, achieving dynamic equilibrium. If a forward voltage is applied to the emitter junction, the dynamic equilibrium between carrier diffusion and the internal electric field in the depletion layer is broken, causing thermally excited electrons to inject into the base region. In NPN type transistors, the base region is P type doped, where holes are the majority carriers, so electrons in this region are called "minority carriers." Electrons injected from the emitter into the base region partly recombine with the majority carrier holes there. On the other hand, due to the low doping level and thin physical dimensions of the base region, and because the collector junction is reverse-biased, most electrons reach the collector region via drift motion, forming the collector current. To minimize recombination before electrons reach the collector junction, the base region of the transistor must be made sufficiently thin so that the time required for carrier diffusion is shorter than the lifetime of semiconductor minority carriers, and the base thickness must be much smaller than the electron diffusion length. In modern bipolar transistors, the typical base region thickness is a few tenths of a micron. Note that although both the collector and emitter are N type doped, their doping levels and physical properties differ, so a bipolar transistor must be distinguished from two diodes connected in series in opposite directions.

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