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Rittal electrical components are surge absorbers/varistor assemblies. Due to their nonlinear resistance change with voltage, they exhibit symmetry in both directions (positive and negative). They respond to abnormal voltages on the line, absorbing most of the surge/lightning energy, while suppressing the abnormal voltage to a safe range, thereby improving the safety and stability of the circuit. In the standby state, the surge absorber (varistor) has a very high impedance (several megaohms) relative to the protected electronic components and does not affect the characteristics of the original design circuit. However, when an instantaneous surge voltage appears (exceeding the breakdown voltage of the surge absorber), the impedance of the surge absorber drops low (only a few ohms), causing a short circuit in the line, thereby protecting electronic products or more expensive components.

Rittal electrical component parameters

1. Nominal varistor voltage: refers to the voltage value across the varistor when a pulse current of specified duration passes through it. 2. Voltage ratio: refers to the ratio of the voltage generated by the current in the varistor to the voltage generated by the current in the varistor. 3. Maximum limiting voltage: the peak voltage across the varistor under the maximum pulse peak current Ip that the varistor can withstand and under the specified waveform. 4. Residual voltage ratio: when the current passing through the varistor is at a certain value, the voltage generated across it is called the residual voltage for that current value. The residual voltage ratio is the ratio of the residual voltage to the nominal voltage. 5. Surge current capacity: Surge current capacity, also known as surge current, refers to the maximum pulse current value allowed to pass through the varistor under specified conditions. 6. Leakage current: Leakage current, also known as standby current, refers to the current flowing through the varistor at the specified temperature and maximum DC voltage. 7. Voltage temperature coefficient: refers to the rate of change of the nominal voltage of the varistor within the specified temperature range, i.e., the relative change in voltage across the varistor when the temperature changes while the current passing through the varistor remains constant. 8. Current temperature coefficient: refers to the relative change in the current flowing through the varistor when the temperature changes while the voltage across the varistor remains constant. 9. Voltage nonlinearity coefficient: refers to the ratio of the static resistance value to the dynamic resistance value of the varistor under a given applied voltage. 10. Insulation resistance: refers to the resistance value between the lead wires of the varistor and the insulating surface of the resistor body. 11. Static capacitance: refers to the inherent capacitance of the varistor itself. 12. Rated power: the maximum power that causes a change in varistor voltage when operating at a specific ambient temperature. 22. Maximum impulse current: the maximum impulse current that causes a change in varistor voltage when the varistor is subjected to a specific pulse current impulse once or twice.

Rittal electrical component characteristics

The main characteristics of circuit breakers include: rated voltage; rated current; tripping current setting range for overload protection and short-circuit protection; rated short-circuit breaking current, etc. The rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity refers to the ability of a low-voltage circuit breaker to operate normally again after breaking the maximum three-phase short-circuit current at its output terminals, and to break this short-circuit current once more; the circuit breaker does not guarantee whether it can normally connect and break thereafter. The rated service short-circuit breaking capacity refers to the ability of the circuit breaker to break normally multiple times when the maximum three-phase short-circuit current occurs at its output terminals. The rated service short-circuit breaking capacity is a breaking current value smaller than the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking current. Generally speaking, circuit breakers with three-stage protection functions (long-time delay for overload, short-time delay for short-circuit, and instantaneous action for short-circuit) can achieve selective protection. Most main lines (including the output terminals of transformers) use them as main protection switches. Circuit breakers without short-time delay for short-circuit function (only having two-stage protection: long-time delay for overload and instantaneous action for short-circuit) cannot provide selective protection and can only be used in branch circuits. "Marine Electrical Engineering" points out that for circuit breakers with three-stage protection, emphasis is placed on their rated service short-circuit breaking capacity value, while for circuit breakers used in branch lines, it is necessary to ensure they have sufficient rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity value. A common bias is to prefer larger values rather than appropriately suitable ones, believing that larger is safer. However, choosing excessively large values results in unnecessary waste. Therefore, there is no need for circuit breakers on branch lines to blindly pursue high rated service short-circuit breaking capacity indicators. For circuit breakers used on main lines, they must not only meet the requirements for rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity but also satisfy the requirements for rated service short-circuit breaking capacity. A circuit breaker is a basic low-voltage electrical appliance. It has overload, short-circuit, and undervoltage protection functions, providing the ability to protect circuits and power sources. The main technical indicators are rated voltage and rated current. Circuit breakers have different functions depending on the application, with many varieties and specifications, and numerous specific technical indicators. Free tripping of circuit breakers: If the protection action connects the tripping circuit at any moment during the closing process of the circuit breaker, and the circuit breaker can reliably disconnect completely, this is called free tripping. Circuit breakers with free tripping can ensure rapid disconnection when a short-circuit fault occurs during closing, thereby avoiding the expansion of the accident scope.

Rittal electrical component functions

The main functions of potentiometers in circuits include several aspects: 1. Used as a voltage divider. A potentiometer is a continuously adjustable resistor. When adjusting the knob or slider of the potentiometer, the moving contact slides on the resistive element. At this time, the output terminal of the potentiometer provides an output voltage that has a certain relationship with the external voltage applied to the potentiometer and the angle or travel of the movable arm. 2. Used as a rheostat. When a potentiometer is used as a rheostat, it should be connected as a two-terminal device. In this way, a smoothly and continuously changing resistance value can be obtained within the travel range of the potentiometer. 12. Used as a current controller. When a potentiometer is used as a current controller, one of the selected current output terminals must be the terminal connected to the sliding contact.

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