Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope electrical components Germany Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope models Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope prices

Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope electrical components are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They utilize energized coils (i.e., stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field that acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame) to form electromagnetic rotational torque. Motors are classified into DC motors and AC motors based on the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous or asynchronous (the speed of the stator magnetic field does not remain synchronized with the rotor speed). Motors mainly consist of a stator and a rotor. The direction of force-induced motion of current-carrying conductors in a magnetic field depends on the direction of the current and the magnetic field lines (magnetic field direction). The operating principle of a motor is the force exerted by the magnetic field on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope electrical component structure

The basic structure of a voltage transformer is very similar to that of a transformer; it also has two windings, one called the primary winding and the other called the secondary winding. Both windings are mounted on or wound around an iron core. Insulation is provided between the two windings and between the windings and the iron core, ensuring electrical isolation between the two windings and between the windings and the iron core. During operation, the primary winding N1 is connected in parallel to the line, and the secondary winding N5 is connected in parallel to instruments or relays. Therefore, when measuring voltage on high-voltage lines, although the primary voltage is very high, the secondary side is low voltage, ensuring the safety of operators and instruments.

Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope electrical component principles

Photoelectric sensors achieve control by converting changes in light intensity into changes in electrical signals. Generally, photoelectric sensors consist of three parts: a transmitter, a receiver, and a detection circuit. The transmitter emits a light beam toward the target. The emitted light beam usually comes from semiconductor light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LED), laser diodes, and infrared emitting diodes. The light beam is emitted continuously, or the pulse width is varied. The receiver consists of photodiodes, phototransistors, and photocells. Optical components such as lenses and apertures are installed in front of the receiver. Behind it is the detection circuit, which filters out valid signals and applies them.

Rohde Schwarz oscilloscope electrical component characteristics

(1) Wide transient response range and strong harmonic measurement capability. The quality of transient characteristics is an important parameter for determining whether a transformer can be applied in power systems, particularly regarding coordination with relay protection operating times. Traditional electromagnetic transformers have poor response characteristics to high-frequency signals due to the presence of an iron core and cannot correctly reflect the transient process on the primary side. In contrast, the frequency range of optical transformers is mainly determined by the electronic circuitry, without iron core saturation issues, thus accurately reflecting the transient process on the primary side. The structure of photoelectric sensors allows measurement of harmonics on high-voltage power lines, which is difficult for electromagnetic induction transformers to achieve. (2) Digital interface with strong communication capability. Since photoelectric sensors transmit optical digital signals, they interface easily with communication networks, and there is no measurement error during transmission. Meanwhile, with the widespread adoption of microprocessor-based protection and control equipment, optical transformers can directly provide digital quantities to secondary equipment, thereby eliminating the converters and A/D sampling sections in original protection devices, greatly simplifying secondary equipment and promoting research into new protection principles. (3) Small size, light weight, and easy upgradability meet the requirements for miniaturization and compactness of substations. Since photoelectric sensors rely on sensor heads and electronic circuits for signal acquisition and processing, they are small in size, with weights generally below 1003 kg, making them easy to integrate into AIS or GIS, significantly reducing the footprint of substations and meeting the requirements for substation miniaturization and compactness. Additionally, optical transformers connect to secondary equipment via a small number of optical fibers, greatly reducing cable trenches and cables.

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