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Sablux Technik electrical components are current-limiting components. After connecting a resistor in the circuit, the resistance value is fixed, generally with two pins, and it can limit the current magnitude through the branch to which it is connected. Resistors with unchangeable resistance values are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance values are called potentiometers or variable resistors. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistors used for voltage division. On the exposed resistive body, one or two movable metal contacts are pressed tightly. The contact position determines the resistance between any end of the resistive body and the contact. A two-terminal device where terminal voltage and current have a definite functional relationship, reflecting the ability to convert electrical energy into other forms, is represented by the letter R, with the unit Ohm Ω. Actual devices such as light bulbs, heating wires, and resistors can all be represented as resistor components. The resistance value of a resistive element is generally related to temperature, material, length, and cross-sectional area. The physical quantity measuring the extent to which resistance is affected by temperature is the temperature coefficient, defined as the percentage change in resistance value when the temperature rises by 1 ℃. The main physical characteristic of resistance is converting electrical energy into thermal energy; it can also be said to be a dissipative component, generating internal energy when current passes through it. Resistors usually play the role of voltage division and current shunting in circuits. For signals, both AC and DC signals can pass through resistors.

Sablux Technik electrical component classification

Thyristors have multiple classification methods: (1) Classification by turn-off, conduction, and control methods: Thyristors can be divided into conventional thyristors, bidirectional thyristors, reverse-conducting thyristors, gate turn-off thyristors, BTG thyristors, temperature-controlled thyristors, and light-controlled thyristors, among others. (2) Classification by pins and polarity: Thyristors can be divided into two-pin thyristors, three-pin thyristors, and four-pin thyristors based on their pins and polarity. (3) Classification by package form: Thyristors can be divided into three types based on their package form: metal-packaged thyristors, plastic-packaged thyristors, and ceramic-packaged thyristors. Among them, metal-packaged thyristors are further divided into bolt-type, flat-type, round-shell type, etc.; plastic-packaged thyristors are divided into two types: with heat sink and without heat sink. (4) Classification by current capacity: Thyristors can be divided into high-power thyristors, medium-power thyristors, and low-power thyristors based on current capacity. Typically, high-power thyristors mostly use metal shell packaging, while medium and low-power thyristors mostly use plastic or ceramic packaging. (5) Classification by turn-off speed: Thyristors can be divided into conventional thyristors and high-frequency (fast) thyristors based on their turn-off speed. (6) Zero-crossing triggering - generally for power regulation, i.e., triggering when the phase of the sinusoidal AC voltage crosses zero; triggering must occur at the zero-crossing point to conduct the thyristor. (7) Non-zero-crossing triggering - the thyristor can be triggered to conduct regardless of the phase of the AC voltage; common is phase-shift triggering, i.e., changing the output percentage by changing the conduction angle (phase angle) of the sinusoidal AC.

Sablux Technik electrical component classification

An inductor generates a magnetic field around the coil when current flows through it. When the current in the coil changes, the surrounding magnetic field changes correspondingly. This changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (induced EMF) in the coil itself (EMF is used to represent the terminal voltage of the ideal power source of an active component), which is self-inductance. An electronic component made by winding wire with a certain number of turns, capable of producing a certain amount of self-inductance or mutual inductance, is often called an inductor coil. To increase inductance, improve the quality factor, and reduce volume, iron cores or magnetic cores made of ferromagnetic materials are often added. Basic parameters of inductors include inductance, quality factor, inherent capacitance, stability, current rating, and operating frequency. An inductor composed of a single coil is called a self-inductor, and its self-inductance is also known as the self-inductance coefficient. Mutual inductance occurs when two inductor coils are close to each other; the magnetic field change in one coil affects the other. This effect is mutual inductance. The magnitude of mutual inductance depends on the self-inductance of the coils and the degree of coupling between them. Components manufactured using this principle are called mutual inductors.

Sablux Technik electrical component characteristics

Under normal circumstances, the actual static characteristic output of a sensor is a curve rather than a straight line. In practical work, to enable instruments to have uniformly scaled readings, a fitted straight line is often used to approximately represent the actual characteristic curve. Linearity (non-linear error) is a performance indicator of this approximation degree. There are various methods for selecting the fitted straight line. For example, the theoretical straight line connecting the zero input and full-scale output points is used as the fitted straight line; or the theoretical straight line that minimizes the sum of squared deviations from each point on the characteristic curve is used as the fitted straight line, known as the least squares fit line.

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