Seematz electrical components Germany Seematz model Seematz price

Seematz electrical components are detection devices that can sense measured information and convert the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of output according to certain rules, to meet requirements for information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. The existence and development of sensors have given objects senses such as touch, taste, and smell, bringing them to life; sensors are an extension of human senses. Sensors feature miniaturization, digitization, intelligence, multifunctionality, systematization, and networking. They are the primary link in achieving automatic detection and automatic control. A device or apparatus that can sense a specified measured quantity and convert it into a usable signal according to a certain rule (mathematical function law), usually composed of a sensitive element and a conversion element.

Seematz electrical component principle

A DC power supply has two electrodes: positive and negative. The positive electrode has a higher potential, and the negative electrode has a lower potential. When the two electrodes are connected to a circuit, they maintain a constant potential difference between the two ends of the circuit, thereby forming a current from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the external circuit. Relying solely on the difference in water levels cannot maintain a steady water flow, but using a pump to continuously move water from a lower level to a higher level can maintain a certain water level difference and form a steady water flow. Similarly, relying solely on the electrostatic field generated by electric charges cannot maintain a steady current. However, with a DC power supply, non-electrostatic forces (referred to as "non-electrostatic force") can be used to return positive charges from the negative electrode at a lower potential through the interior of the power supply to the positive electrode at a higher potential, maintaining the potential difference between the two electrodes and thus forming a steady current. Therefore, a DC power supply is an energy conversion device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy to supply the circuit, maintaining the steady flow of current.

Seematz electrical component principle

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device. It operates on electrochemical principles, specifically the working principle of a galvanic cell, to isothermally convert the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant directly into electrical energy; thus, the actual process is an oxidation-reduction reaction. A fuel cell mainly consists of four parts: the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and external circuit. Fuel gas and oxidant gas are introduced into the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively. The fuel gas releases electrons at the anode; these electrons are conducted through the external circuit to the cathode, where they combine with the oxidant gas to form ions. Under the influence of the electric field, the ions migrate through the electrolyte to the anode, react with the fuel gas, complete the circuit, and generate current. Meanwhile, due to the electrochemical reaction itself and the internal resistance of the battery, the fuel cell also generates a certain amount of heat. In addition to conducting electrons, the cathode and anode also serve as catalysts for the oxidation-reduction reaction. When the fuel is a hydrocarbon, the anode requires higher catalytic activity. The cathode and anode are typically porous structures to facilitate the introduction of reactant gases and the discharge of products. The electrolyte serves to transport ions and separate the fuel gas from the oxidant gas. To prevent the mixing of the two gases, which would cause a short circuit within the battery, the electrolyte is typically a dense structure. The composition of a fuel cell is the same as that of a general battery. Its single cell consists of two electrodes (negative electrode, i.e., fuel electrode, and positive electrode, i.e., oxidant electrode) and an electrolyte. The difference is that the active materials of a general battery are stored inside the battery, which limits the battery capacity. In contrast, the positive and negative electrodes of a fuel cell do not contain active materials themselves; they are merely catalytic conversion elements. Therefore, a fuel cell is truly an energy conversion machine that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. When the battery is operating, fuel and oxidant are supplied externally for the reaction. In principle, as long as reactants are continuously input and reaction products are continuously removed, the fuel cell can generate electricity continuously.

Seematz electrical component features

Most microphones are electret condenser microphones (ECM), a technology with a history of several decades. The working principle of ECM utilizes a polymer diaphragm with permanently isolated charge. Compared to the polymer diaphragm of ECM, MEMS microphones exhibit stable performance across different temperatures and are unaffected by temperature, vibration, humidity, and time. Due to strong heat resistance, MEMS microphones can withstand high-temperature reflow soldering without any change in performance. Since the sensitivity change before and after assembly is minimal, this can even save audio debugging costs during the manufacturing process. Currently, integrated circuit processes are increasingly widely applied in the manufacturing of sensors and sensor interface integrated circuits. This micro-manufacturing process offers advantages such as precision, design flexibility, miniaturization, integration with signal processing circuits, low cost, and mass production. A first-order resonant frequency in such a low frequency range will result in highly uneven frequency response within the auditory frequency range for the microphone, which is unacceptable for microphone applications. When tensile stress exists within the sensitive membrane, its resonant frequency increases, but at the cost of sensitivity. Of course, higher first-order resonant frequencies can be obtained by adjusting the size of the sensitive membrane, but this will still reduce sensitivity. Thus, piezoresistive schemes are not suitable for the manufacture of miniature microphones. A feasible solution is to adopt a capacitive scheme to manufacture miniature microphones. The advantage of this method is that all materials used in integrated circuit manufacturing processes can be used for sensor manufacturing. However, manufacturing micro-microphones using a single-chip process is quite difficult because the air medium between the two capacitor plates can only have a very small gap. Moreover, due to size limitations, bias voltage is difficult to satisfy in some application scenarios. Based on the above issues, research on capacitive microphones has continued uninterrupted. Compared to traditional electret microphones, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) microphones offer advantages such as small size, good heat resistance, good consistency, good stability, high reliability, and resistance to radio frequency interference. They can also output digital signals, facilitating intelligent development.

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