Semikron electrical components, Germany Semikron models, Semikron prices

Semikron electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors, etc.; electronic devices include analog circuits (operational amplifiers, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage-to-frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), and monitoring/reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring)... the list is endless.

Semikron electrical component principles

Potentiometric displacement sensors convert mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output that has a linear or arbitrary functional relationship with the displacement via potentiometer elements. Standard linear and rotary potentiometers can be used as linear displacement and angular displacement sensors, respectively. However, potentiometers designed for displacement measurement require a definite relationship between displacement change and resistance change. The movable wiper of a potentiometric displacement sensor is connected to the measured object. The object's displacement causes a resistance change at the potentiometer's moving terminal. The magnitude of the resistance change reflects the magnitude of the displacement, while an increase or decrease in resistance indicates the direction of displacement. Typically, a power supply voltage is applied across the potentiometer to convert the resistance change into a voltage output. In wirewound potentiometers, the resistance changes in steps corresponding to the resistance per turn as the wiper moves, resulting in a stepped output characteristic. If such a displacement sensor is used as a displacement feedback element in a servo system, excessive step voltages can cause system oscillation. Therefore, the resistance per turn should be minimized during potentiometer manufacturing. Another major disadvantage of potentiometric sensors is their susceptibility to wear. Their advantages include simple structure, large output signal, ease of use, and low cost.

Semikron electrical component structure

A generator typically consists of components such as the stator, rotor, end covers, and bearings. The stator comprises the stator core, windings, frame, and other structural parts that secure these components. The rotor consists of the rotor core (or poles, yoke), windings, retaining rings, centering rings, slip rings, fan, and shaft. Bearings and end covers connect and assemble the generator's stator and rotor, allowing the rotor to rotate within the stator, cutting magnetic flux lines to generate induced electromotive force. This is led out through terminal blocks and connected to the circuit, thereby generating current.

Semikron electrical component classification

1. By application: pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors, position sensors, level sensors, energy consumption sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, radiation sensors, thermal sensors. 2. By principle: vibration sensors, humidity-sensitive sensors, magnetic-sensitive sensors, gas-sensitive sensors, vacuum sensors, biosensors, etc. 3. By output signal: (1) Analog sensors convert the measured non-electrical quantity into an analog electrical signal. (2) Digital sensors: convert the measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion). (3) Pseudo-digital sensors: convert the measured signal quantity into a frequency signal or short-period signal output (including direct or indirect conversion). (4) Switch sensors: when a measured signal reaches a specific threshold, the sensor outputs a preset low-level or high-level signal accordingly. 4. By manufacturing process: Integrated sensors are manufactured using standard production processes for silicon-based semiconductor integrated circuits. Usually, part of the circuit for preliminary processing of the measured signal is also integrated on the same chip. Thin-film sensors are formed by depositing thin films of corresponding sensitive materials on a dielectric substrate (base plate). When using hybrid processes, part of the circuit can also be fabricated on this substrate. Thick-film sensors are made by coating ceramic substrates, typically made of alumina, with pastes of corresponding materials, followed by heat treatment to form the thick film. Ceramic sensors are produced using standard ceramic processes or certain variants (sol-gel, etc.). After appropriate preparatory operations, the formed elements are sintered at high temperatures. There are many common characteristics between thick-film and ceramic sensor processes; in some respects, thick-film technology can be considered a variant of ceramic technology. Each process technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Due to lower capital investment required for research, development, and production, as well as the high stability of sensor parameters, it is more reasonable to adopt ceramic and thick-film sensors. 5. By measurement purpose: Physical sensors are made using characteristics where certain physical properties of the measured substance undergo significant changes. Chemical sensors are made using sensitive elements that can convert chemical quantities such as the composition and concentration of chemical substances into electrical quantities. Biological sensors are made using various biological or biomaterial characteristics to detect and identify chemical components in living organisms. 6. By composition: (1) Basic sensors are the most fundamental single transformation devices. (2) Combined sensors are sensors composed of different single transformation devices. (3) Application-specific sensors are sensors composed of basic or combined sensors together with other mechanisms. 14. By mode of operation: Sensors can be classified into active and passive types based on their mode of operation. Active sensors include action-type and reaction-type. Such sensors can emit a certain detection signal towards the measured object, detect changes produced in the measured object by the detection signal, or form a signal by generating an effect in the measured object via the detection signal. Those that detect changes in the detection signal are called action-type, while those that detect responses to form signals are called reaction-type. Radar and radio frequency detectors are examples of action-type, while photoacoustic effect analysis devices and laser analyzers are examples of reaction-type. Passive sensors only receive signals generated by the measured object itself, such as infrared radiation thermometers and infrared imaging devices.

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