Senzortech electrical components Germany Senzortech model Senzortech price

Senzortech electrical components are indispensable measuring instruments for departments such as power electronics, generally with the main purpose of measuring voltage, current, and resistance. Multimeters are divided into pointer multimeters and digital multimeters according to the display method. It is a multi-function, multi-range measuring instrument. General multimeters can measure DC current, DC voltage, AC current, AC voltage, resistance, and audio levels, etc. Some can also measure AC current, capacitance, inductance, and some parameters of semiconductors (such as β), etc. A multimeter is a magnetoelectric instrument with a rectifier that can measure various electrical parameters such as AC/DC current, voltage, and resistance. For each electrical quantity, there are generally several ranges. Also known as a multi-meter or simply multi-meter. A multimeter consists of a magnetoelectric ammeter (meter head), measuring circuit, and selector switch, etc. Through the switching of the selector switch, various electrical parameters can be conveniently measured. The main basis for its circuit calculation is Ohm's law for closed circuits. There are many types of multimeters, and they should be selected according to different requirements during use.

Senzortech electrical component principle

In the lines for power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, the current magnitude varies significantly, ranging from a few amperes to tens of thousands of amperes. To facilitate measurement, protection, and control, it is necessary to convert it to a relatively uniform current. In addition, the voltage on the line is generally high, so direct measurement is very dangerous. Current transformers play the role of current transformation and electrical isolation. For pointer-type ammeters, the secondary current of current transformers is mostly at the ampere level. For digital instruments, the sampled signal is generally at the milliampere level. The secondary current of miniature current transformers is at the milliampere level, mainly serving as a bridge between large transformers and sampling. Miniature current transformers are also referred to as "instrument current transformers." ("Instrument current transformer" has one meaning: precision current transformers with multiple current ratios used in laboratories, generally used to expand instrument ranges.) Current transformers work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, similar to transformers; transformers transform voltage, while current transformers transform current. The winding of the current transformer connected to the measured current is called the primary winding; the winding connected to the measuring instrument is called the secondary winding. The ratio of the primary winding current I1 to the secondary winding I3 current is called the actual current ratio K. The current ratio when the current transformer operates at rated current is called the rated current ratio of the current transformer, denoted by Kn.

Senzortech electrical component applications

Metal waveguides and metal resonant cavities are widely used in the decimeter wave, centimeter wave, and longer millimeter wave bands. Since the cross-section of the waveguide and the dimensions of the resonant cavity are close to the wavelength, the dimensions of metal waveguides and resonant cavities are too small and difficult to manufacture. It is even more impossible to apply metal waveguides or resonant cavities in the infrared or visible light bands, i.e., when the wavelength is on the micron scale. For this reason, dielectric waveguides and dielectric resonators have developed rapidly and obtained wide application. Although the dimensions of dielectric waveguides and dielectric resonators are also on a scale comparable to the wavelength, they are easy to fabricate into tiny sizes using micro-fabrication techniques. For example, optical fibers and optical waveguides with cross-sectional dimensions on the micron scale belong to dielectric waveguides. The field in a metal waveguide can be regarded as caused by the reciprocating reflection of plane waves between conductor surfaces; the field in a dielectric waveguide can also be regarded as caused by the total reflection of electromagnetic waves between dielectric interfaces. Therefore, a dense medium surrounded by a sparse medium forms a dielectric waveguide. In an ideal metal waveguide, the electromagnetic field forms a standing wave transversely, and outside the waveguide boundary, it approximates an ideal conductor with no electromagnetic field. In a dielectric waveguide, the electromagnetic field forms a standing wave transversely, but an electromagnetic field still exists outside the dielectric waveguide, which decreases exponentially transversely, called the evanescent field. In a metal waveguide filled with a homogeneous medium, the TE mode and TM mode can separately satisfy the short-circuit boundary conditions of the waveguide walls, so the TE mode and TM mode can always be separated, and both can propagate in the metal waveguide. When a metal waveguide is filled with two or more media, or partially filled with dielectric, the electromagnetic field must satisfy not only the boundary conditions on the conductor walls but also the continuity conditions at the media interfaces. In the case of uniform filling with two or more media, only the mixed mode of TE and TM, the HEM mode, is possible. After understanding the above content, we can further understand dielectric resonators. As early as 1939, the concept and theory of dielectric resonators were proposed, but due to the lack of suitable dielectric materials, this theory slept for more than 20 years without practical development. By the 20th century, in the 60s, the successful development of high-dielectric-constant ceramics such as rutile ceramic (ε≈80100) brought dielectric resonators back to attention. However, the high temperature coefficient of rutile ceramic limited its practical application. In the 20th century, in the 70s, barium titanate and zirconium titanate ceramics were developed. Their high dielectric constant, low loss, and low temperature coefficient made dielectric resonators practical. Dielectric resonators have advantages such as small size, light weight, high quality factor, and good stability. They are particularly suitable for application in microstrip circuits or microwave integrated circuits and in the millimeter wave band, receiving great attention and developing rapidly. When the dielectric constant is very high, the interface between the dielectric and air approximates an open circuit surface, and the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves at the interface is close to 8. At this time, the surface of the dielectric resonator can be regarded as an open circuit wall, i.e., a magnetic wall. Thus, the dielectric resonator becomes a closed system with homogeneous boundary conditions, i.e., an equivalent open circuit wall (magnetic wall) resonant cavity.

Senzortech electrical component structure

A bipolar junction transistor is made by fabricating two closely spaced PN junctions on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the entire semiconductor into three parts: the middle part is the base region, and the two sides are the emitter region and the collector region. The arrangement methods include PNP and NPN. Corresponding electrodes are led out from the three regions, namely the base b, emitter e, and collector c. The PN junction between the emitter region and the base region is called the emitter junction, and the PN junction between the collector region and the base region is called the collector junction. The base region is very thin, while the emitter region is thicker with a high impurity concentration. In a PNP type transistor, the emitter region "emits" holes, whose movement direction is consistent with the current direction, so the emitter arrow points inward; in a NPN type transistor, the emitter region "emits" free electrons, whose movement direction is opposite to the current direction, so the emitter arrow points outward. The direction of the emitter arrow is also the conduction direction of the PN junction under forward voltage. Both silicon and germanium transistors have PNP type and NPN type. Transistor packaging forms and pin identification: Common transistor packaging forms include metal packaging and plastic packaging. The pin arrangement follows certain rules. Placed in a bottom-view position, the three pins form the vertices of an isosceles triangle. From left to right, they are e, b, c. For small and medium-power plastic transistors, orient the flat side towards yourself with the three pins facing down; from left to right, they are e, b, c.

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