SITECOLIGHTING electrical components Germany SITECOLIGHTING model SITECOLIGHTING price

SITECOLIGHTING electrical components refer to surge arresters or antenna spark gaps used for overvoltage protection, which contain two or more electrodes filled with a specific amount of inert gas. A gas discharge tube is a gap-type lightning protection component used for lightning protection in communication systems. Gas discharge tubes are widely applied in the lightning protection of communication systems. Discharge tubes are commonly used in the first or first two stages of multi-stage protection circuits to discharge transient lightning overcurrents and limit overvoltages. Due to the high inter-electrode insulation resistance and low parasitic capacitance of discharge tubes, they offer clear advantages for lightning protection of high-frequency signal lines. The main drawbacks of the protection characteristics of discharge tubes are their relatively long discharge delay and less-than-ideal operating sensitivity, making it difficult to effectively suppress lightning waves with steep wavefront rise times, and there is a follow-current issue in lightning protection for power systems. Commonly used gas discharge tubes include two-electrode and three-electrode discharge tubes; their encapsulation housings are mostly made of ceramic, hence they are also called ceramic discharge tubes.

SITECOLIGHTING electrical component classification

Thermosensitive materials are generally divided into three categories: semiconductor, metal, and alloy: 1. Semiconductor thermistor materials include single-crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and metal oxides. They all have very large temperature coefficients of resistance and high resistivity, resulting in high sensitivity for sensors made from them. Based on the temperature coefficient of resistance, they can also be divided into negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials. For example, barium titanate ceramic is an ideal PTC semiconductor material. Both types of materials are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, switching circuits, overload protection, and time delay applications, such as in the manufacture of thermistor thermometers, thermistor switches, and thermistor delay relays. Due to the exponential relationship between resistance and temperature, these materials have a narrow temperature measurement range and poor uniformity. 2. Metal thermistor materials are widely used as thermal resistors for temperature measurement, current limiters, and automatic constant-temperature heating elements. Examples include platinum resistance thermometers, nickel resistance thermometers, and copper resistance thermometers. Among these, platinum temperature sensors exhibit significantly high precision and stability in various media (including corrosive media). However, their widespread application is somewhat limited by the scarcity and high cost of platinum. Copper temperature sensors are cheaper, but long-term use in corrosive media can lead to significant changes in static characteristics and resistance values. Nickel temperature sensors are widely used abroad and are considered a relatively ideal material due to their high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and stability. 3. Alloy thermistor materials, also known as thermistor alloys. This type of alloy has high resistivity and its resistance value is sensitive to temperature changes, making it a good material for manufacturing temperature-sensitive sensors. The performance requirements for thermistor alloys as temperature-sensitive sensors are as follows: (1) sufficiently high resistivity; (2) quite high temperature coefficient of resistance; (3) linear expansion coefficient close to that of the experimental material; (4) small strain sensitivity coefficient; (13) good repeatability of the resistance-temperature curve during heating and cooling within the operating temperature range.

SITECOLIGHTING electrical component principle

The alternating current generated by the automotive alternator is converted into direct current by the rectifier, but its waveform still has irregular fluctuations, which directly affects the accuracy of vehicle ignition; the output voltage cannot remain relatively constant, causing differences in spark plug ignition energy each time, which can easily cause engine jitter, gear shift hesitation, slow and weak acceleration, unstable idle speed, and low efficiency of the car air conditioner. This greatly reduces the performance and service life of onboard electrical equipment; coupled with the aging of the circuit system in older vehicles and the increased circuit impedance, the impact on the vehicle becomes increasingly apparent. The role of the electronic rectifier is to help eliminate noise interference in the vehicle, stabilize the output voltage, improve the instantaneous discharge capability of the power system, increase torque output, accelerate throttle response, extend battery life, shorten engine start-up time, and improve ignition efficiency, especially for small-displacement cars, where the effect is more pronounced. The semiconductor PN junction has a large current under forward bias and a small current under reverse bias. A rectifier diode is a PN junction diode that utilizes this unidirectional conductivity characteristic of the PN junction to convert alternating current into direct current. Devices with a current capacity below 1 amperes are typically called rectifier diodes, while those above 2 amperes are called rectifiers. Common semiconductor rectifiers include silicon rectifiers and selenium rectifiers, with many product specifications ranging from tens to thousands of volts and from a few amperes to thousands of amperes. Rectifiers are widely used in various forms of rectified power supplies. High-power rectified power supplies require rectifiers with large current capacity, high breakdown voltage, and good heat dissipation performance. However, such devices have large junction areas and large junction capacitances, resulting in very low operating frequencies, generally below tens of kilohertz. Silicon material has a larger bandgap width and good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for manufacturing high-power rectifier devices. High-voltage silicon stacks are often used in high-voltage rectification devices. They consist of multiple rectifier device cores connected in series. Their reverse withstand voltage is determined by the withstand voltage of the cores and the number of series-connected cores, with a maximum withstand voltage reaching hundreds of kilovolts. If a high-frequency rectifier circuit is used at very high frequencies, when the period of the AC voltage is comparable to the recovery time from the on-state to the off-state of the rectifier, the rectifier no longer performs rectification for high-frequency voltages. To adapt to high-frequency operation, gold doping is usually employed in silicon rectifiers to shorten the lifetime of injected minority carriers, thereby reducing the recovery time. To reduce the possibility of damage due to overvoltage breakdown and improve the reliability of the rectification device, silicon avalanche rectifiers can be used. In such devices, when the reverse voltage exceeds the allowable peak value, uniform avalanche breakdown occurs across the entire PN junction, allowing the device to operate under high voltage and high current, thus withstanding considerable reverse surge power. Manufacturing such devices requires materials with few defects, uniform resistivity, and flat junction surfaces. The exposed junction areas should also be properly protected to avoid surface breakdown. Selenium rectifiers have high overload capacity and strong ability to withstand reverse surge power. In the two basic types of rectifiers based on high-power diodes or thyristors, the high-voltage AC power from the grid is converted into DC power by the rectifier.

SITECOLIGHTING electrical component principle

A diesel engine drives the generator to operate, converting the energy of diesel into electrical energy. Inside the diesel engine cylinder, clean air filtered through the air filter mixes thoroughly with high-pressure atomized diesel injected from the nozzle. Under the compression of the upward-moving piston, the volume decreases, and the temperature rises rapidly, reaching the ignition point of the diesel. The diesel ignites, the mixed gas burns violently, the volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston downward, known as "power stroke". A gasoline engine drives the generator to operate, converting the energy of gasoline into electrical energy. Inside the gasoline engine cylinder, the mixed gas burns violently, the volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston downward to perform work. Whether it is a diesel generator or a gasoline generator, each cylinder performs work in a certain order. The thrust acting on the piston is converted into force to rotate the crankshaft via the connecting rod, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate. By installing a brushless synchronous AC generator coaxially with the prime mover's crankshaft, the rotation of the prime mover drives the rotor of the generator. Using the principle of 'electromagnetic induction', the generator outputs induced electromotive force, generating current through the closed load circuit.

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