Softing electrical components Germany Softing model Softing price

Softing electrical components refer to mechanical equipment that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is driven by hydraulic turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other prime movers, converting the energy from water flow, air flow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy transmitted to the generator, which then converts it into electrical energy. Generators are widely used in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, science and technology, and daily life. There are many types of generators, but their operating principles are all based on the laws of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of their construction is: to use appropriate magnetic and conductive materials to form magnetic circuits and circuits that mutually induce electromagnetism, thereby generating electromagnetic power to achieve the purpose of energy conversion.

Softing electrical component classification

a. By material: silicon transistors, germanium transistors. b. By structure: NPN, PNP. c. By function: switching transistors, power transistors, Darlington transistors, photosensitive transistors, etc. d. By power: low-power transistors, medium-power transistors, high-power transistors. e. By operating frequency: low-frequency transistors, high-frequency transistors, ultra-high-frequency transistors. f. By structural process: alloy transistors, planar transistors. g. By mounting method: through-hole transistors, surface-mount transistors.

Softing electrical component performance

The main performance indicators of loudspeakers include: sensitivity, frequency response, rated power, rated impedance, directivity, and distortion. (1) Rated power: Loudspeaker power is divided into nominal power and maximum power. Nominal power, also called rated power or non-distortion power, refers to the maximum input power allowed within the rated non-distortion range of the loudspeaker; the power marked on the loudspeaker's label and technical manual is this value. Maximum power refers to the peak power the loudspeaker can withstand at any instant. (2) Rated impedance: The impedance of a loudspeaker is generally related to frequency. (3) Frequency response: When audio signals of the same voltage but different frequencies are applied to a loudspeaker, the resulting sound pressure will vary. Generally, the sound pressure is higher at mid-frequencies and lower at low and high frequencies. The frequency range of high and low tones where the sound pressure drops to a certain value relative to the mid-frequency is called the frequency response characteristic of the loudspeaker. (4) Distortion: The phenomenon where a loudspeaker fails to accurately reproduce the original sound is called distortion. There are two types of distortion: frequency distortion and nonlinear distortion. Frequency distortion is caused by stronger reproduction of signals at certain frequencies and weaker reproduction at others, disrupting the original proportion of high and low volume and changing the original timbre. Nonlinear distortion is caused by incomplete consistency between the vibration of the loudspeaker's vibrating system and the signal fluctuation, adding new frequency components to the output sound waves. (5) Directivity characteristic: Used to characterize the sound pressure distribution radiated by the loudspeaker in various spatial directions; the higher the frequency, the narrower the directivity, and the larger the cone, the stronger the directivity.

Softing electrical component principle

Its working principle is the same as that of a transformer, with a basic structure consisting of an iron core and primary and secondary windings. Its characteristics are very small and relatively constant capacity, operating close to no-load conditions during normal operation. The impedance of the voltage transformer itself is very small; once a short circuit occurs on the secondary side, the current will increase sharply and burn out the coil. For this reason, the primary side of the voltage transformer is equipped with fuses, and the secondary side is reliably grounded to prevent high potential to ground on the secondary side in case of insulation damage between the primary and secondary sides, which could cause personal injury and equipment accidents. Voltage transformers for measurement are generally made with a single-phase double-coil structure, where the primary voltage is the voltage to be measured (such as the line voltage of the power system). They can be used singly or two units can be connected in V-V configuration for three-phase use. Voltage transformers used in laboratories often have multiple taps on the primary side to adapt to the need for measuring different voltages. Voltage transformers for protective grounding also have a third coil, known as a three-coil voltage transformer. The third coils of the three phases are connected in an open delta configuration, with the two terminals of the open delta connected to the voltage coil of the ground protection relay. During normal operation, the three-phase voltages of the power system are symmetrical, and the sum of the three-phase induced electromotive forces on the third coil is zero. Once a single-phase ground fault occurs, the neutral point shifts, and zero-sequence voltage appears between the terminals of the open delta, causing the relay to operate and thus protecting the power system. When zero-sequence voltage appears in the coil, corresponding zero-sequence flux appears in the iron core. For this reason, this type of three-phase voltage transformer uses a side-yoke iron core or three single-phase voltage transformers. For this type of transformer, the accuracy requirement for the third coil is not high, but it requires a certain over-excitation characteristic (i.e., when the primary voltage increases, the magnetic flux density in the iron core increases by a corresponding factor without damage). Voltage transformers are indispensable electrical appliances in power transmission and supply systems such as power plants and substations. Precision voltage transformers are instruments used in electrical testing laboratories to expand measurement ranges and measure voltage, power, and electrical energy. Voltage transformers are very similar to transformers, both being used to transform voltage on lines. Why is voltage transformation needed on lines? This is because, depending on the different situations of power generation, transmission, and consumption, the voltage on lines varies greatly, with some being low voltage 220V and 385V, and others being high voltage tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts. To directly measure these low and high voltages, corresponding low-voltage and high-voltage voltmeters and other instruments and relays would need to be manufactured according to the line voltage magnitude. This would not only bring great difficulties to instrument manufacturing, but more importantly, it is impossible and absolutely prohibited to directly manufacture high-voltage instruments and measure voltage directly on high-voltage lines.

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