sortimo electrical components Germany sortimo model sortimo price

sortimo electrical components refer to electronic components that generate a resonant frequency. Common types are divided into quartz crystal resonators and ceramic resonators. They function to generate frequency, featuring stability and good anti-interference performance, and are widely used in various electronic products. The frequency accuracy of quartz crystal resonators is higher than that of ceramic resonators, but the cost is also higher. Resonators mainly serve the role of frequency control; all electronic products involving frequency transmission and reception require resonators. Resonator types can be divided into through-hole and surface-mount types based on their physical form.

sortimo electrical component types

Inductors can be made by winding conductive material, typically copper wire, around a magnetic core, or the magnetic core can be removed or replaced with ferromagnetic material. Core materials with higher permeability than air can confine the magnetic field more tightly around the inductor component, thereby increasing inductance. There are many types of inductors; most are made with enamel-coated coils wound around ferrite bobbins, while some shielded inductors place the coil entirely within the ferrite. The cores of some inductor components are adjustable, allowing the inductance value to be changed. Small inductors can be directly etched onto PCB boards using a method that lays out a spiral trajectory. Small-value inductors can also be manufactured in integrated circuits using the same process as for transistors. In these applications, aluminum interconnects are often used as the conductive material. Regardless of the method, due to practical constraints, the most commonly used approach is a circuit called a "gyrator," which uses a capacitor and active components to exhibit the same characteristics as an inductor component. Inductor components used for blocking high frequencies are often constructed from a metal wire passing through a magnetic pillar or bead.

sortimo electrical component principle

In addition to the function of photodiodes in converting light signals into electrical signals, phototransistors also have the function of amplifying electrical signals. The appearance of a phototransistor is not much different from that of a general transistor. Generally, a phototransistor only leads out two terminals—the emitter and the collector—while the base is not led out. The casing also has a window to allow light to enter. To increase light exposure, the base area is made large, while the emitter area is small; incident light is mainly absorbed by the base region. During operation, the collector junction is reverse-biased, and the emitter junction is forward-biased. When there is no light illumination, the current flowing through the tube is the dark current Iceo = (1 + β) Icbo (very small), which is smaller than the penetration current of general transistors; when there is light illumination, a large number of electron-hole pairs are excited, causing the current generated at the base Ib to increase. At this moment, the current flowing through the tube is called photocurrent, and the emitter current Ie = (11 + β) Ib. It can be seen that phototransistors have higher sensitivity than photodiodes.

sortimo electrical component principle

Optical measurement and control systems manufactured based on different principles of luminous flux action on photoelectric components are diverse. According to the nature of the output of photoelectric components (optical measurement and control systems), they can be divided into two categories: analog photoelectric sensors and pulse (switching) photoelectric sensors. Analog photoelectric sensors convert the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent, exhibiting a single-valued relationship with the measured quantity. Analog photoelectric sensors can be divided into three major categories based on the method of measuring the target object: transmission (absorption) type, diffuse reflection type, and shading (beam blocking) type. The so-called transmission type refers to placing the measured object in the optical path; the light energy emitted by a constant light source passes through the measured object, and after partial absorption, the transmitted light is projected onto the photoelectric component. The so-called diffuse reflection type refers to the light emitted by a constant light source being projected onto the measured object, and then reflected from the surface of the measured object onto the photoelectric component. The so-called shading type refers to the situation where part of the luminous flux emitted by the light source is blocked by the measured object, causing the luminous flux projected onto the photoelectric component to change; the degree of change is related to the position of the measured object in the optical path. Photodiodes are the most common light sensors. The appearance of a photodiode is the same as that of a general diode. When there is no light illumination, it behaves like a ordinary diode with very small reverse current, called the dark current of the photodiode; when there is light illumination, carriers are excited to produce electron-hole pairs, called photoelectric carriers. Under the action of an external electric field, photoelectric carriers participate in conduction, forming a reverse current much larger than the dark current, which is called photocurrent. The magnitude of the photocurrent is proportional to the light intensity, so an electrical signal that varies with light intensity can be obtained across the load resistor.

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