televes electrical components Germany televes model televes price

televes electrical components are devices for detachable (active) connection between optical fibers. They precisely align the end faces of two optical fibers to maximize the coupling of light energy from the transmitting fiber into the receiving fiber, and minimize the impact on the system caused by their insertion into the optical link. This is the basic requirement for fiber optic connectors. To a certain extent, fiber optic connectors affect the reliability and various performance metrics of optical transmission systems.

televes electrical components requirements

1, copper and aluminum rods commonly used for power cords are drawn at room temperature through one or more drawing dies using a wire drawing machine, reducing their cross-section, increasing their length, and improving their strength. Wire drawing is the first process in wire and cable manufacturing companies, and the primary process parameter is die matching technology. 2, copper and aluminum single wires are heated to a specific temperature to improve toughness and reduce strength through recrystallization, meeting the requirements for conductive cores in wires and cables. The key to the annealing process is to prevent oxidation of copper wires. 3, to improve the flexibility of power cords for easier installation, conductive cores are made by stranding multiple single wires. Stranding methods include regular stranding and irregular stranding. Irregular stranding includes bundle stranding, concentric composite stranding, and special stranding. To reduce the occupied area and geometric size of power cords, compacted stranding is used during conductor stranding, changing the standard circular shape into semi-circular, sectoral, tile-shaped, and compacted circular shapes. Such conductors are mainly used in power cords. 4, plastic power cords mainly use extruded solid insulation layers. The tolerance of the insulation thickness is an important indicator of the extrusion process quality. Most product structural dimensions and tolerances are clearly specified in standards. The surface of the plastic insulation layer must be smooth, without roughness, scorching, or impurities. The cross-section of the insulation layer must be dense and robust, with no visible pinholes or bubbles. 5, multi-core power cords are generally stranded into a circular shape to ensure form stability and reduce size. The stranding mechanism is similar to conductor stranding; due to the large lay length, non-back-twist methods are mostly used. Cabling technical requirements: first, prevent twisting of shaped insulated cores causing cable torsion; second, avoid damaging the insulation layer. During cabling, two other processes are usually completed simultaneously: filling, to ensure the roundness and stability of the cable after cabling; and binding, to keep the cable core tight. 6, to protect insulated cores from damage by armor, appropriate protection is required for the insulation layer. Inner sheaths include extruded inner sheaths (separator sleeves) and wrapped inner sheaths (bedding). Wrapped bedding replaces binding tape and is performed synchronously with the cabling process. 7, for underground power cords subject to positive pressure, an inner steel tape armor structure can be selected. For power cords installed in locations with both positive pressure and tensile forces (such as underwater, vertical shafts, or soil with significant elevation differences), structures with inner steel wire armor should be selected. 14, the outer sheath is the part that protects the insulation layer of the power cord from environmental corrosion. The main functions of the outer sheath are to improve mechanical strength, resist chemical corrosion, prevent moisture, prevent water ingress, and inhibit combustion. Plastic sheaths are directly extruded using an extruder according to different requirements for power cords.

televes electrical component principle

Like standard diodes, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) consist of a PN junction and exhibit unidirectional conductivity. When a forward voltage is applied to an LED, holes injected from the P region into the N region and electrons injected from the N region into the P region recombine with electrons in the N region and holes in the P region within a few micrometers near the PN junction, producing spontaneous fluorescent radiation. The energy states of electrons and holes differ in different semiconductor materials. The amount of energy released during recombination varies; the greater the energy released, the shorter the wavelength of the emitted light. Common LEDs emit red, green, or yellow light. The reverse breakdown voltage of an LED is greater than 6 volts. Its forward V-I characteristic curve is very steep, so a current-limiting resistor must be connected in series to control the current through the diode. The core of an LED consists of a wafer made of P-type and N-type semiconductors. Between the P-type and N-type semiconductors lies a transition layer called the PN junction. In the PN junction of certain semiconductor materials, when injected minority carriers recombine with majority carriers, excess energy is released in the form of light, directly converting electrical energy into light energy. When a reverse voltage is applied to the PN junction, minority carrier injection is difficult, so no light is emitted. When it is in forward operation (i.e., forward voltage is applied across the terminals), current flows from the LED anode to the cathode, and the semiconductor crystal emits light ranging from ultraviolet to infrared. The light intensity depends on the current.

televes electrical component principle

The alternating current generated by an automotive alternator is rectified into direct current by a rectifier, but its waveform still has irregular fluctuations, which directly affects the accuracy of vehicle ignition. The output voltage cannot remain relatively constant, causing variations in spark plug ignition energy, which can lead to engine vibration, gear shift jerkiness, slow and weak acceleration, unstable idle speed, and low efficiency of the car air conditioning. This significantly reduces the performance and service life of onboard electrical equipment. Additionally, aging circuit systems in older vehicles and increased circuit resistance make the impact on the vehicle increasingly apparent. The role of an electronic rectifier is to help eliminate noise interference, stabilize output voltage, improve the instantaneous discharge capability of the power system, increase torque output, accelerate throttle response, extend battery life, shorten engine start time, and improve ignition efficiency, especially in small-displacement vehicles where the effect is more noticeable. The semiconductor PN junction conducts high current under forward bias and low current under reverse bias. Rectifier diodes utilize this unidirectional conductivity of the PN junction to convert AC to DC; they are PN junction diodes. Devices with a current capacity below 1 amperes are typically called rectifier diodes, while those above 10 amperes are called rectifiers. Common semiconductor rectifiers include silicon rectifiers and selenium rectifiers, available in many specifications, with voltages ranging from tens to thousands of volts and currents from a few amperes to thousands of amperes. Rectifiers are widely used in various forms of rectified power supplies. High-power rectified power supplies require rectifiers with high current capacity, high breakdown voltage, and good heat dissipation. However, such devices have large junction areas and high junction capacitance, resulting in low operating frequencies, generally below tens of kilohertz. Silicon material has a wide bandgap and good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for high-power rectifier devices. High-voltage silicon stacks are often used in high-voltage rectification units. They consist of multiple rectifier dice connected in series. Their reverse withstand voltage is determined by the withstand voltage of the dice and the number of series-connected dice, with maximum withstand voltages reaching hundreds of kilovolts. If a high-frequency rectifier circuit is used at very high frequencies, when the period of the AC voltage is comparable to the recovery time from the on-state to the off-state of the rectifier, the rectifier no longer functions effectively. To adapt to high-frequency operation, gold doping is usually employed in silicon rectifiers to shorten the lifetime of injected minority carriers, thereby reducing recovery time. To reduce the possibility of damage due to overvoltage breakdown and improve the reliability of rectification units, silicon avalanche rectifiers can be used. In such devices, when the reverse voltage exceeds the allowable peak value, uniform avalanche breakdown occurs across the entire PN junction, allowing the device to operate under high voltage and high current, thus withstanding considerable reverse surge power. Manufacturing such devices requires materials with few defects, uniform resistivity, and flat junction surfaces. Exposed junction areas should be properly protected to prevent surface breakdown. Selenium rectifiers have high overload capacity and strong ability to withstand reverse surge power. In the two basic types of rectifiers based on high-power diodes or thyristors, high-voltage AC power from the grid is converted into DC power by the rectifier.

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