THIEDE electrical components Germany THIEDE model THIEDE price

THIEDE electrical components are devices that convert alternating current into direct current, and can be used in power supply units and for detecting radio signals, among other applications. Rectifiers can be made from vacuum tubes, ignitrons, solid-state silicon semiconductor diodes, mercury arcs, etc. Conversely, a device that converts direct current into alternating current is called an "inverter". In standby UPS systems, only battery charging is required, not power supply to the load, so only a charger is present. In double-conversion UPS systems, this device supplies power to the inverter and also charges the battery, hence it is called a rectifier/charger. A rectifier is a rectifying device; simply put, it is a device that converts AC to DC. It has two main functions: first, to convert alternating current into direct current, which is then filtered and supplied to the load or to the inverter; second, to provide charging voltage to the battery. Therefore, it also acts as a charger.

THIEDE electrical component applications

Metal waveguides and metal resonant cavities are widely used in the decimeter, centimeter, and longer millimeter wave bands. Since the cross-section of waveguides and the dimensions of resonant cavities are comparable to the wavelength, metal waveguides and resonant cavities are too small and difficult to manufacture. It is even more impossible to apply metal waveguides or resonant cavities in the infrared or visible light bands, where wavelengths are on the micrometer scale. For this reason, dielectric waveguides and dielectric resonators have rapidly developed and gained widespread application. Although the dimensions of dielectric waveguides and dielectric resonators are also on a scale comparable to the wavelength, they are easy to fabricate into tiny sizes using microfabrication techniques. For example, optical fibers and optical waveguides with cross-sectional dimensions on the micrometer scale belong to dielectric waveguides. The fields in metal waveguides can be viewed as resulting from plane waves reflecting back and forth between conductor surfaces; similarly, the fields in dielectric waveguides can be viewed as resulting from total internal reflection of electromagnetic waves at dielectric interfaces. Therefore, a dense medium surrounded by a sparse medium forms a dielectric waveguide. In an ideal metal waveguide, the electromagnetic field forms a standing wave transversely, and outside the waveguide boundary, approximating an ideal conductor, there is no electromagnetic field. In a dielectric waveguide, the electromagnetic field forms a standing wave transversely, but electromagnetic fields still exist outside the dielectric waveguide, decaying exponentially in the transverse direction, known as evanescent fields. In metal waveguides filled with a homogeneous medium, TE modes and TM modes can individually satisfy the short-circuit boundary conditions of the waveguide walls, so TE modes and TM modes can always be separated, and both can propagate in metal waveguides. When a metal waveguide is filled with two or more media, or partially filled with dielectric, the electromagnetic field must satisfy not only the boundary conditions on the conductor walls but also the continuity conditions at the media interfaces. In the case of uniform filling with two or more media, only hybrid modes of TE and TM, i.e., HEM modes, can exist. After understanding the above content, one can proceed to further understand dielectric resonators. As early as 1939, the concept and theory of dielectric resonators were proposed, but due to the lack of suitable dielectric materials, this theory remained dormant for over 20 years without practical development. It was not until the 20th century, in the 60s, that the successful development of high-permittivity ceramics such as rutile ceramic (ε≈80100) brought dielectric resonators back into attention. However, the high temperature coefficient of rutile ceramic limited its practical application. In the 20th century, during the 70s, barium titanate-based and zirconium titanate-based ceramics were developed; their high permittivity, low loss, and low temperature coefficient made dielectric resonators practical. Dielectric resonators offer advantages such as small size, light weight, high quality factor, and good stability. They are particularly suitable for application in microstrip circuits or microwave integrated circuits and in the millimeter wave band, receiving significant attention and developing rapidly. When the permittivity is very high, the interface between the dielectric and air approximates an open circuit, and the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves at the interface approaches 8. At this point, the surface of the dielectric resonator can be regarded as an open-circuit wall, i.e., a magnetic wall. Thus, the dielectric resonator becomes a closed system with homogeneous boundary conditions, i.e., an equivalent open-circuit wall (magnetic wall) resonant cavity.

THIEDE electrical component applications

Wire and cable products used in power systems mainly include bare overhead conductors, busbars (busbars), power cables (plastic cables, oil-impregnated paper-insulated power cables (basically replaced by plastic power cables), rubber-sheathed cables, overhead insulated cables), branch cables (replacing some busbars), magnet wires, and electrical equipment wires and cables for power equipment. Wire and cable products used in information transmission systems mainly include telephone cables, television cables, electronic cables, RF cables, fiber optic cables, data cables, magnet wires, power communication cables, or other composite cables. Except for bare overhead conductors, almost all other products in this category are applied, but mainly power cables, magnet wires, data cables, and instrument and meter cables.

THIEDE electrical component parameters

(1) Nominal capacitance, which is the capacitance marked on the capacitor. However, there is a deviation between the actual capacitance of a capacitor and its nominal capacitance; the accuracy class corresponds to the allowable error. General capacitors commonly use classes I, II, and III, while electrolytic capacitors use classes IV, V, and VI to indicate capacitance accuracy, selected according to the application. The capacitance value of an electrolytic capacitor depends on the impedance presented when operating under AC voltage; the capacitance value changes with variations in operating frequency, temperature, voltage, and measurement method. The unit of capacitance is F (Farad). Since a capacitor is a "container" for storing electric charge, the issue of "capacity" size arises. To measure a capacitor's ability to store charge, the physical quantity of capacitance is defined. A capacitor can only store charge under the action of an applied voltage. Different capacitors may store different amounts of charge under voltage action. Internationally, it is uniformly stipulated that when a DC voltage of 1 volts is applied to a capacitor, the amount of charge it can store is its capacitance (i.e., the charge per unit voltage), denoted by the letter C. The basic unit of capacitance is the Farad (F). (2) Rated voltage, which is the maximum DC voltage that can be continuously applied to the capacitor at the minimum and rated ambient temperatures. If the operating voltage exceeds the capacitor's withstand voltage, the capacitor will break down, causing damage. In practice, as temperature rises, the withstand voltage decreases. (3) Insulation resistance. When DC voltage is applied to a capacitor, leakage current is generated; the ratio of the two is called insulation resistance. When the capacitance is small, its value mainly depends on the surface condition of the capacitor; generally, the higher the insulation resistance, the better. (4) Loss. The energy consumed by heating per unit time under the action of an electric field is called loss. Loss is related to frequency range, dielectric material, conductivity, and the resistance of the capacitor's metal parts. (14) Frequency characteristics. As frequency increases, the capacitance of general capacitors tends to decrease. When a capacitor operates below its resonant frequency, it behaves capacitively; when it exceeds its resonant frequency, it behaves inductively, at which point it is no longer a capacitor but an inductor. Therefore, it is essential to avoid operating capacitors above their resonant frequency.

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