VERGOKAN electrical components, German VERGOKAN models, VERGOKAN pricing

VERGOKAN electrical components are fuses designed for multiple operations, known in Japan as permanent fuses. Immediately after interrupting an overload or short-circuit current, the fusible element automatically restores to its original state. The housing is made of austenitic stainless steel, with a beryllium oxide ceramic core embedded in the center. The space between the stainless steel and the ceramic core is filled with glass to provide sealing and secure the ceramic core. The fine pores of the ceramic core are filled with metallic sodium as the fusible element, and the void behind the piston is charged with argon gas to compress the metallic sodium. Under normal operating conditions, current enters from lead terminal A, passes through the metallic sodium within the fine pores of the ceramic core, conducts to the stainless steel housing, and exits via output terminal B. When a short-circuit current flows through the fuse, it rapidly heats the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, causing it to transform from a solid into a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma vapor. This causes a rapid increase in resistivity, providing strong current-limiting action against the short-circuit current and interrupting the current instantly. At the end of the interruption, the sodium vapor immediately returns to liquid and solid states, while the argon gas pushes the piston again to compress the metallic sodium, re-establishing the circuit connection.

VERGOKAN electrical component structure

A solid-state relay consists of three parts: the input circuit, isolation, and output circuit. Depending on the input voltage category, the input circuit can be classified into DC input, AC input, and AC/DC input circuits. Some input control circuits also feature compatibility with TTL/CMOS, positive/negative logic control, and inversion functions, allowing easy connection to TTL and MOS logic circuits. For control signals with fixed control voltage, a resistive input circuit is used. The isolation and coupling methods between the input and output circuits of a solid-state relay include optocoupling and transformer coupling. Optocoupling typically uses photodiode-phototransistor pairs, photodiode-triac optocouplers, or photovoltaic cells to achieve isolated control between the control side and the load side. High-frequency transformer coupling utilizes self-excited high-frequency signals generated by the input control signal, which are coupled to the secondary side, then demodulated, rectified, and processed by logic circuits to form drive signals. The power switch of the solid-state relay is directly connected to the power supply and load terminals to switch the load power on and off. Commonly used components include high-power bipolar transistors, SCRs, triacs, power MOSFETs, and IGBTs. The output circuit of a solid-state relay can also be categorized into DC output, AC output, and AC/DC output types. Based on the load type, they are divided into DC solid-state relays and AC solid-state relays. For DC output, bipolar devices or power MOSFETs can be used; for AC output, two SCRs or one triac are typically used. AC solid-state relays are further divided into single-phase and three-phase AC solid-state relays. Based on the timing of turn-on and turn-off, AC solid-state relays are classified into random-turn-on and zero-crossing types.

VERGOKAN electrical component principle

In chemical batteries, the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy results from spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions occurring internally within the battery, taking place at two separate electrodes. The negative electrode active material consists of reducing agents with a more negative potential that are stable in the electrolyte, such as active metals like zinc, cadmium, and lead, as well as hydrogen or hydrocarbons. The positive electrode active material consists of oxidizing agents with a more positive potential that are stable in the electrolyte, such as metal oxides like manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, and nickel oxide, oxygen or air, halogens and their salts, oxyacids and their salts, etc. The electrolyte is a material with good ionic conductivity, such as aqueous solutions of acids, bases, and salts, organic or inorganic non-aqueous solutions, molten salts, or solid electrolytes. When the external circuit is open, although there is a potential difference (open-circuit voltage) between the two electrodes, no current flows, and the chemical energy stored in the battery is not converted into electrical energy. When the external circuit is closed, current flows through the external circuit under the influence of the potential difference between the two electrodes. Simultaneously, inside the battery, since there are no free electrons in the electrolyte, charge transfer must accompany oxidation or reduction reactions at the interface between the active materials of the two electrodes and the electrolyte, as well as mass transfer of reactants and products. Charge transfer within the electrolyte is accomplished by ion migration. Therefore, normal charge and mass transfer processes within the battery are necessary conditions for ensuring normal electrical energy output. During charging, the direction of charge and mass transfer processes inside the battery is opposite to that during discharge; electrode reactions must be reversible to ensure the normal progression of reverse mass and charge transfer processes. Thus, reversibility of electrode reactions is a necessary condition for constituting a rechargeable battery. This represents the fundamental thermodynamic relationship between battery electromotive force and battery reaction, and is also the basic thermodynamic equation for calculating battery energy conversion efficiency. In practice, when current flows through an electrode, the electrode potential deviates from the thermodynamic equilibrium potential, a phenomenon known as polarization. The greater the current density (current per unit electrode area), the more severe the polarization. Polarization is one of the important causes of energy loss in batteries. There are three causes of polarization: (1) polarization caused by the resistance of various parts within the battery is called ohmic polarization; (2) polarization caused by the hindrance of charge transfer processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface layer is called activation polarization; (3) polarization caused by sluggish mass transfer processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface layer is called concentration polarization. Methods to reduce polarization include increasing the electrode reaction area, reducing current density, raising the reaction temperature, and improving the catalytic activity of the electrode surface.

VERGOKAN electrical component parameters

The main parameters of a transistor include current amplification factor, power dissipation, frequency characteristics, maximum collector current, maximum reverse voltage, and reverse current. Amplification factor: The DC current amplification factor, also known as the static current amplification factor or DC gain, refers to the ratio of collector current to base current in a transistor when no varying signal is input (static state). AC gain: The AC gain, also known as the AC current amplification factor or dynamic current amplification factor, refers to the ratio of the change in collector current to the change in base current in a transistor under AC conditions. Power dissipation: Power dissipation, also referred to as the maximum allowable collector power dissipation PCM, is the maximum collector power dissipation when transistor parameter variations do not exceed specified allowable limits. Power dissipation is closely related to the transistor's maximum allowable junction temperature and maximum collector current. During use, the actual power consumption of a transistor must not exceed the PCM value; otherwise, the transistor may be damaged due to overload. When the operating frequency of a transistor exceeds the cutoff frequency, its current amplification factor decreases as the frequency increases. The maximum oscillation frequency is the frequency at which the transistor's power gain drops to 6. Typically, the maximum oscillation frequency of a high-frequency transistor is lower than the common-base cutoff frequency, while the characteristic frequency is higher than the common-base cutoff frequency but lower than the common-collector cutoff frequency. Maximum current: The maximum collector current refers to the maximum current allowed to pass through the transistor's collector. Maximum reverse voltage: The maximum reverse voltage refers to the highest working voltage allowed to be applied to the transistor during operation. It includes the collector-emitter reverse breakdown voltage, collector-base reverse breakdown voltage, and emitter-base reverse breakdown voltage. The collector reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and emitter when the transistor base is open. The base reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and base when the transistor emitter is open. The emitter reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the emitter and base when the transistor collector is open. The reverse current between the base and collector, also known as the collector junction reverse leakage current, refers to the reverse current between the collector and base when the transistor emitter is open. The reverse breakdown current between the emitter and collector refers to the reverse leakage current between the collector and emitter when the transistor base is open, also known as the penetration current. A smaller value of this current indicates better transistor performance.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German VERGOKAN connectors, VERGOKAN switches, VERGOKAN relays, VERGOKAN controllers, VERGOKAN plugs, VERGOKAN sensors, VERGOKAN resistors, VERGOKAN capacitors, VERGOKAN buses, VERGOKAN modules, VERGOKAN cables, VERGOKAN power supplies, VERGOKAN interfaces, VERGOKAN gateways, and VERGOKAN circuit breakers. All VERGOKAN products are original imports from Germany. Customers are welcome to inquire and place orders.