VISHAY electrical components German VISHAY models VISHAY prices

VISHAY electrical components are switches controlled by electromagnets, that is, a combination of an electromagnet and a switch. When the electromagnet coil is energized, it generates electromagnetic attraction, causing the movable iron core to push or pull the switch contacts to close, thereby connecting the controlled circuit. Electromagnetic switches are widely used in various industries, most commonly as contactors in the industrial sector. An electromagnetic switch is the control switch on a starter motor and is one of the three major components of a starter (DC motor, transmission engagement mechanism, electromagnetic switch). Its working principle is that when the coil is energized, it generates electromagnetic attraction, causing the movable iron core to move, thereby on one hand pulling the transmission engagement mechanism to move the starter pinion forward to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear, and on the other hand pushing the switch contacts to connect, allowing the DC motor to be energized and operate, thereby driving the engine to start.

VISHAY electrical component classification

Plug-in fuses are often used at the end of lines for short-circuit protection of distribution branch circuits or electrical equipment. The upper cap of the fuse element in a screw-type fuse has a fuse indicator; once the fuse element blows, the indicator pops out immediately and can be observed through the glass hole on the ceramic cap. It is often used in machine tool electrical control equipment. Screw-type fuses. Enclosed fuses are divided into filled fuses and non-filled fuses. Filled fuses generally use square ceramic tubes containing quartz sand and the fuse element, offering high breaking capacity. Non-filled enclosed fuses enclose the fuse element in a sealed cylinder, with slightly lower breaking capacity. Fast-acting fuses are mainly used for short-circuit protection of semiconductor rectifier elements or rectifier devices. Since semiconductor components have very low overload capacity and can only withstand large overload currents for extremely short periods, short-circuit protection requires fast-acting fusing capability. The structure of a fast-acting fuse is basically the same as that of a filled enclosed fuse, but the fuse element material and shape are different; it uses a silver sheet stamped into a variable cross-section fuse element with V shaped deep grooves. Fast-acting fuses are usually abbreviated as "fast fuses" and are characterized by fast fusing speed, high rated current, strong breaking capacity, stable current-limiting characteristics, and small size. Self-resetting fuses use sodium metal as the fuse element, which has high electrical conductivity at room temperature. When a short-circuit fault occurs in the circuit, the short-circuit current generates high temperature, causing the sodium to vaporize rapidly. The gaseous sodium presents a high-resistance state, thereby limiting the short-circuit current. After the short-circuit current disappears and the temperature drops, the sodium metal restores its original good conductivity. Self-resetting fuses can only limit short-circuit current and cannot truly disconnect the circuit. Their advantage is that the fuse element does not need to be replaced, allowing for repeated use.

VISHAY electrical component functions

The modulated pulses generated by the oscillation circuit pass through the reflection circuit and are radiated as light pulses by the light-emitting diode GL. When the measured object enters the effective range of the receiver, the reflected light pulses enter the phototransistor DU. In the receiving circuit, the light pulses are demodulated into electrical pulse signals, then amplified and synchronously gated and shaped by an amplifier. Interference is then eliminated using digital integration or RC integration methods. Finally, the signal triggers the driver output (with or without delay) to generate the photoelectric switch control signal. Photoelectric switches generally have good hysteresis characteristics, so even if the detected object shakes within a small range, it will not affect the output status of the driver, thereby keeping it in a stable operating zone. At the same time, the self-diagnosis system can display the light-receiving status and stable operating zone to monitor the work of the photoelectric switch at any time. Proximity switches are widely used in aviation, aerospace technology, and industrial production. They are also applied in daily life, such as in automatic doors in hotels, restaurants, and garages, and in automatic hot air blowers. For security and anti-theft purposes, important locations such as archives, accounting departments, financial institutions, museums, and vaults are usually equipped with anti-theft devices composed of various proximity switches. In measurement technology, such as for length and position measurements; and in control technology, such as for the measurement and control of displacement, speed, and acceleration, a large number of proximity switches are also used.

VISHAY electrical component classification

Thermosensitive materials are generally divided into three categories: semiconductors, metals, and alloys: 1. Semiconductor thermistor materials include single-crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and metal oxides. They all have very large resistance temperature coefficients and high resistivity, resulting in high sensitivity for sensors made from them. Based on the resistance temperature coefficient, they can also be divided into negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials. For example, barium titanate ceramic is an ideal PTC semiconductor material. Both types of materials are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, switching circuits, overload protection, and time delay applications, such as in the manufacture of thermistor thermometers, thermistor switches, and thermistor delay relays. Due to the exponential relationship between resistance and temperature, these materials have a narrow temperature measurement range and poor uniformity. 2. Metal thermistor materials are widely used as thermal resistors for temperature measurement, current limiters, and automatic constant-temperature heating elements. Examples include platinum resistance thermometers, nickel resistance thermometers, and copper resistance thermometers. Among them, platinum temperature sensors exhibit significantly high precision and stability in various media (including corrosive media). However, their widespread application is somewhat limited due to the scarcity and high price of platinum. Copper temperature sensors are cheaper, but long-term use in corrosive media can lead to significant changes in static characteristics and resistance values. Nickel temperature sensors are widely used abroad and are considered a relatively ideal material because they offer high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and stability. 3. Alloy thermistor materials, also known as thermistor alloys. This type of alloy has relatively high resistivity, and its resistance value is quite sensitive to temperature changes, making it a good material for manufacturing temperature-sensitive sensors. The performance requirements for thermistor alloys as temperature-sensitive sensors are as follows: (1) sufficiently high resistivity; (2) relatively high resistance temperature coefficient; (3) linear expansion coefficient close to that of the experimental material; (4) small strain sensitivity coefficient; (7) good repeatability of the resistance-temperature curve during heating and cooling within the operating temperature range.

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