Vogt electrical components Germany Vogt model Vogt price

Vogt electrical components refer to the aggregate of service equipment provided for a specific group of traffic sources, such as trunk lines, switching devices, and control systems. The fundamental research content of traffic theory is to study the relationship between traffic volume, call loss, and trunk group capacity; therefore, the trunk group is an important basic concept in traffic theory. A traffic source is the service object of a trunk group, usually referring to user equipment; broadly speaking, the upper-level equipment is the traffic source for the lower-level equipment. In telephone communication, a traffic source is also called a call source. The number of service devices contained in a trunk group is called the trunk group capacity. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a trunk group. The capacity of this trunk group is V, and it provides service for N traffic sources. Any traffic source initiating a call can occupy an idle service device in the trunk group.

Vogt electrical component classification

Fuses can be divided into high-voltage fuses and low-voltage fuses according to the operating voltage. According to the protected object, they can be divided into fuses for protecting transformers and general electrical equipment, fuses for protecting voltage transformers, fuses for protecting power capacitors, fuses for protecting semiconductor components, fuses for protecting motors, and fuses for protecting household appliances, etc. According to structure, they can be divided into open-type, semi-enclosed, cartridge, and expulsion fuses. Open-type fuses have a simple structure, with the fusible element completely exposed to the air and supported by porcelain pillars without a base, suitable for low-voltage outdoor use. When interrupting current, they produce significant noise and light in the atmosphere. In semi-enclosed fuses, the fusible element is mounted on a porcelain frame and inserted into a porcelain box with metal sockets at both ends, suitable for low-voltage indoor use. The noise and light produced during current interruption are blocked by the porcelain box. In cartridge fuses, the fusible element is installed inside the fuse body. It is then plugged into a base or directly connected to the circuit for use. The fuse link is a fully sealed insulating tube with metal caps or contact blades at both ends. If the insulating tube of this type of fuse is filled with quartz sand, it has a current-limiting effect when interrupting current, which can greatly improve the breaking capacity, so it is also called a high-breaking-capacity fuse. If the tube is evacuated, it is called a vacuum fuse. If the tube is filled with SF6 gas, it is called a SF6 fuse, the purpose of which is to improve arc extinguishing performance. Since quartz sand, vacuum, and SF12 gas all have good insulation properties, this type of fuse is suitable for both low voltage and high voltage. An expulsion fuse installs the fusible element in an insulating tube made of solid gas-generating material. The solid gas-generating material can be electrical anti-white cardboard or organic glass material, etc. When short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, the element melts immediately, producing an electric arc. The high-temperature arc causes the solid gas-generating material to rapidly decompose, producing a large amount of high-pressure gas, which ejects the ionized gas with the electric arc from both ends of the tube, emitting intense noise and light, and extinguishes the arc when the AC current crosses zero, thereby interrupting the current. The insulating tube is usually mounted on an insulating support to form the complete fuse assembly. Sometimes the upper end of the insulating tube is made movable, detaching and dropping down immediately after current interruption. This type of expulsion fuse is commonly known as a drop-out fuse.

Vogt electrical component principle

A varactor diode is a special type of diode. When a forward bias voltage is applied, a large current is generated, the depletion region of the PN (positive-negative) junction narrows, the capacitance increases, producing a diffusion capacitance effect; when a reverse bias voltage is applied, a transition capacitance effect is produced. However, since leakage current occurs when forward bias is applied, reverse bias is supplied in applications. A varactor diode is also called a voltage-controlled variable capacitor; it is a semiconductor that changes its junction capacitance according to the applied voltage change. That is to say, as a variable capacitor, it can be applied to resonant circuits such as FM tuners and TV tuners, and FM modulation circuits. In fact, we can view it as a PN junction. We consider that if a reverse voltage V is applied to the PN junction (varactor diodes are used in reverse), then electrons in the N-type semiconductor are attracted to the positive electrode, and holes in the P-type semiconductor are attracted to the negative electrode, forming a depletion layer with neither electrons nor holes. We denote the width of this depletion layer as d, which changes with the reverse voltage V. In this way, as the reverse voltage V increases, the depletion layer d widens, and the diode capacitance C decreases (according to C=kS/d); whereas as the reverse voltage decreases, the depletion layer width d narrows, and the diode capacitance increases. The change in reverse voltage V causes changes in the depletion layer, thereby changing the junction capacitance C of the voltage-controlled variable capacitor. The objective is achieved. A varactor diode is a semiconductor device made based on the principle that the capacitance between PN junctions is variable, and it is used as a variable capacitor in high-frequency tuning, communication, and other circuits. Varactor diodes have various packaging forms, such as glass encapsulation (glass-sealed), plastic encapsulation (plastic-sealed), metal casing encapsulation (metal-sealed), and leadless surface mount packaging. Typically, small and medium-power varactor diodes use glass-sealed, plastic-sealed, or surface mount packaging, while higher-power varactor diodes mostly use metal-sealed packaging. Common varactor diode parameters.

Vogt electrical component structure

The main purpose of fiber optic connectors is to realize the connection of optical fibers. Fiber optic connectors, which have been widely used in fiber optic communication systems, come in many types and structures. However, upon closer examination, the basic structure of various types of fiber optic connectors is consistent, i.e., the vast majority of fiber optic connectors generally use high-precision components (consisting of two ferrules and one coupling sleeve, totaling three parts) to achieve aligned connection of optical fibers. This method involves inserting and fixing the optical fiber into the ferrule, polishing the surface of the ferrule, and achieving alignment in the coupling sleeve. The external component of the ferrule is made of metal or non-metal materials. The mating end of the ferrule must be polished, and the other end usually uses a strain relief member to support the optical fiber or fiber optic cable to release stress. The coupling sleeve is generally made of two halves synthesized from ceramic or bronze materials, forming a tight cylindrical component, often equipped with metal or plastic flanges to facilitate the installation and fixation of the connector. To align the optical fibers as precisely as possible, the machining precision requirements for the ferrules and coupling sleeves are very high.

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