Woertz electrical components Germany Woertz model Woertz price

Woertz electrical components are products whose raw material molecular composition is not changed during factory processing, and can be called components. Components belong to devices that do not require energy. They include: resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Circuit-type components include diodes and resistors; connection-type components include connectors, sockets, connecting cables, and printed circuit boards (PCB). Devices are products whose raw material molecular structure is changed during factory production and processing. Devices are divided into active devices and discrete devices. The main characteristic of active devices is that they consume electrical energy and require an external power supply. Discrete devices are divided into bipolar junction transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, semiconductor resistors, and capacitors. shi

Woertz electrical component applications

Photoelectric sensors using photoelectric elements as sensitive elements come in many types and have wide applications. According to the nature of the output quantity of photoelectric sensors, they can be divided into two categories: (1) Photoelectric measuring instruments that convert the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent, which can be used to measure physical quantities such as light intensity, object temperature, light transmission capability, displacement, and surface condition. For example: illuminance meters for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometers, photoelectric colorimeters and turbidimeters, photoelectric alarms for fire prevention, and automatic inspection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ellipticity, and surface roughness of processed parts, all of which use photoelectric elements as sensitive elements. Semiconductor photoelectric elements are not only widely used in civil industrial fields, but also hold an important position in military applications. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be used to make infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras, and infrared navigation systems; (2) Converting the measured quantity into a continuously changing photocurrent. Various photoelectric automatic devices are made using the characteristic of photoelectric elements to output "on" or "off" electrical signals when exposed to light or no light. Photoelectric elements are used as switching photoelectric conversion elements. For example, photoelectric input devices for electronic computers, switching temperature regulation devices, and digital photoelectric tachometers for speed measurement.

Woertz electrical component principles

Based on different usage purposes, various thermometers have been designed and manufactured. The design basis includes: utilizing the phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction of solids, liquids, and gases under the influence of temperature; the change in pressure of gas (or vapor) due to temperature differences under constant volume conditions; the effect of thermoelectric effects; the change in resistance with temperature; and the influence of thermal radiation. 1. Gas thermometers: Hydrogen or helium is mostly used as the temperature-measuring substance because their liquefaction temperatures are very low, close to absolute zero, so their temperature measurement range is very wide. This type of thermometer has high accuracy and is mostly used for precision measurements. 2. Resistance thermometers: Divided into metal resistance thermometers and semiconductor resistance thermometers, both are made based on the characteristic that resistance value changes with temperature. Metal thermometers mainly use pure metals such as platinum, gold, copper, and nickel, as well as rhodium-iron and phosphor bronze alloys; semiconductor thermometers mainly use carbon, germanium, etc. Resistance thermometers are convenient and reliable to use and have been widely applied. 3. Thermocouple thermometers: A temperature-measuring instrument widely used in industry. Made using the thermoelectric effect. Two different metal wires are welded together to form the working end, and the other ends are connected to measuring instruments to form a circuit. When the working end is placed at the temperature to be measured, if there is a temperature difference between the working end and the free end, an electromotive force will appear, causing current to flow through the circuit. By measuring electrical quantities and using the known temperature at one point, the temperature at another point can be determined. It is suitable for situations with large temperature differences between two substances and is mostly used for high-temperature and low-turbidity measurements. 4. Pointer thermometers: Thermometers shaped like instrument panels, also called maximum-minimum thermometers, used to measure room temperature, made using the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of metals. It uses a bimetallic strip as the temperature-sensing element to control the pointer. The bimetallic strip is usually made by riveting a copper strip and an iron strip together, with the copper strip on the left and the iron strip on the right. Since the thermal expansion and contraction effect of copper is much more obvious than that of iron, when the temperature rises, the copper strip pulls the iron strip to bend to the right, and the pointer deflects to the right (pointing to high temperature) driven by the bimetallic strip; conversely, when the temperature drops, the pointer deflects to the left driven by the bimetallic strip. 5. Glass tube thermometers: Glass tube thermometers utilize the principle of thermal expansion and contraction to achieve temperature measurement. Due to the different expansion coefficients, boiling points, and freezing points of the temperature-measuring media, the common glass tube thermometers mainly include: kerosene thermometers, mercury thermometers, and red ink thermometers. Their advantages are simple structure, ease of use, relatively high measurement accuracy, and low price. The disadvantages are that the upper and lower measurement limits and accuracy are limited by the quality of the glass and the properties of the temperature-measuring medium. They cannot transmit signals over long distances and are fragile. 6. Pressure thermometers: Pressure thermometers use the volume expansion or pressure change generated by heating liquid, gas, or saturated vapor in a closed container as the measurement signal. Its basic structure consists of three parts: a temperature bulb, a capillary tube, and an indicator gauge. The advantages of pressure thermometers are: simple structure, high mechanical strength, and resistance to vibration. Low price and no need for external energy. The disadvantages are: limited temperature measurement range; large heat loss and slow response time. 7. Mercury thermometers are a type of expansion thermometer and can only be used as local monitoring instruments. Using them to measure temperature is not only simple and intuitive, but also avoids the errors of external remote transmission thermometers.

Woertz electrical component structure

For rubber and plastic power cable cores used for power, lighting, and internal installation of electrical equipment, copper cores are preferred; for large cross-section wires, compacted wire cores are recommended; conductors for fixed installation generally adopt Class 1 or Class 2 conductor structures. Insulation materials generally include four types: natural styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, and nitrile-PVC compounds; heat-resistant power cables use PVC with a temperature resistance of 90°C. Sheath materials generally include five types: PVC, cold-resistant PVC, ant-termite PVC, black polyethylene, and neoprene. Black polyethylene and neoprene sheathed power cables are suitable for special cold resistance and outdoor overhead laying. In environments with external forces, corrosion, humidity, etc., power cables with rubber or plastic sheaths can be used. Rubber and plastic flexible power cables use copper cores, with a flexible structure composed of stranded single wires; flexible cable conductors generally adopt Class 5 or Class 6 conductor structures. Insulation materials generally include natural styrene-butadiene rubber, PVC, or soft polyethylene plastic. The stranding pitch multiple is small. The outer protective layer uses cotton yarn braiding to avoid overheating and damaging the insulation layer. To facilitate use and simplify the production process, a three-core balanced structure is adopted, which can save production hours and improve production efficiency. Shielded insulated power cable cores are allowed to be tinned in certain occasions; the surface coverage density of the shielding layer should comply with standards or meet user requirements; the shielding layer should be braided or wrapped with tinned copper wires; if an extruded sheath is added outside the shield, the shield may use soft round copper wires for braiding or wrapping. To prevent internal interference between wire cores or wire pairs, a structure with individual phase shielding for each wire core (or wire pair) can be produced. General-purpose rubber-sheathed rubber power cable cores use stranded copper flexible wires, with a flexible structure; large cross-section surfaces are allowed to be paper-wrapped to improve bending performance. Insulation uses natural styrene-butadiene rubber, which has good aging performance. The rubber for outdoor products uses neoprene or a neoprene-based mixed rubber formula. Mining rubber power cable cores use copper cores, with a flexible structure composed of stranded single wires: flexible cable conductors generally adopt Class 5 or Class 12 conductor structures. Insulation materials generally use rubber. The stranding pitch multiple is small. Many products use metal braiding to uniform the electric field and improve the sensitivity display of insulation status. There is a thicker outer sheath, and color coding is performed underground in mines to allow construction personnel to understand the different voltage levels of the rubber power cables.

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