Wortmann electrical components Germany Wortmann model Wortmann price

Wortmann electrical components are specifically used to suppress high-frequency noise and spike interference on signal lines and power lines, and also have the ability to absorb electrostatic pulses. Ferrite beads are used to absorb ultra-high-frequency signals. Some RF circuits, PLL, oscillator circuits, and circuits containing ultra-high-frequency memory (DDR SDRAM, RAMBUS, etc.) all require ferrite beads at the power input. Inductors are energy storage components used in LC oscillator circuits, medium and low-frequency filter circuits, etc., with an application frequency range rarely exceeding 50MHZ. Ferrite beads have high resistivity and permeability, equivalent to a resistor and inductor in series, but both resistance and inductance vary with frequency.

Wortmann electrical component applications

The collector-emitter current can be considered as controlled by the base-emitter current, which is equivalent to treating the bipolar transistor as a "current-controlled" device. It can also be viewed as controlled by the emitter-base junction voltage, treating it as a "voltage-controlled" device. In fact, these two perspectives are interconnected through the current-voltage relationship across the base-emitter junction, which can be represented by the current-voltage curve of the PN junction. In analog circuit design, the current-controlled viewpoint is sometimes adopted because, within a certain range, the bipolar transistor exhibits approximately linear characteristics. Within this range (referred to below as the "active region"), the collector current is approximately equal to a multiple of the base current, which greatly facilitates problem analysis and control of circuit functions. When designing some basic circuits, it is assumed that the emitter-base voltage is approximately constant, in which case the collector current is approximately equal to a multiple of the base current, and the transistor acts as a current amplifier. However, in reality, the bipolar transistor is a more complex nonlinear device; improper bias voltage distribution will cause distortion of the output signal. Furthermore, even when operating within a specific range, its current gain is affected by factors including temperature. To design precise and reliable bipolar transistor circuits, the voltage-controlled viewpoint must be adopted. The voltage-controlled model introduces an exponential function to describe the voltage-current relationship. Within a certain range, the functional relationship is approximately linear, allowing the transistor to be treated as a conductance element. Thus, the design of circuits such as differential amplifiers is simplified to a linear problem, so the approximate voltage-controlled viewpoint is often selected. For translinear circuits, studying their current-voltage curves is crucial for analyzing device operation, so they are typically treated as a voltage-controlled model where transconductance is proportional to the collector current. Transistor-level circuit design mainly uses SPICE or other similar analog circuit simulators, so the complexity of the model does not pose a significant problem for designers. However, when manually analyzing analog circuit problems, it is not always possible to adopt exact calculation methods as in classical circuit analysis, making approximate methods necessary.

Wortmann electrical component parameters

1. Nominal varistor voltage: refers to the voltage value across the varistor when a pulse current of specified duration passes through it. 2. Voltage ratio: refers to the ratio of the voltage value generated by the current of the varistor to the voltage value generated by the current of the varistor. 3. Maximum limiting voltage: the peak voltage across the varistor under the maximum pulse peak current Ip that the varistor can withstand and under a specified waveform. 4. Residual voltage ratio: when the current passing through the varistor is a certain value, the voltage generated across it is called the residual voltage for that current value. The residual voltage ratio is the ratio of the residual voltage to the nominal voltage. 5. Surge current capacity: Surge current capacity, also known as surge current, refers to the maximum pulse current value allowed to pass through the varistor under specified conditions. 6. Leakage current: Leakage current, also known as standby current, refers to the current flowing through the varistor at a specified temperature and maximum DC voltage. 7. Voltage temperature coefficient: refers to the rate of change of the varistor's nominal voltage within a specified temperature range, i.e., the relative change in voltage across the varistor when the temperature changes while the current passing through the varistor remains constant. 8. Current temperature coefficient: refers to the relative change in current flowing through the varistor when the temperature changes while the voltage across the varistor remains constant. 9. Voltage nonlinearity coefficient: refers to the ratio of the static resistance value to the dynamic resistance value of the varistor under a given applied voltage. 10. Insulation resistance: refers to the resistance value between the lead wires of the varistor and the insulated surface of the resistive body. 11. Static capacitance: refers to the inherent capacitive capacity of the varistor itself. 12. Rated power: the maximum power that causes a change in varistor voltage when operating at a specific ambient temperature. 15. Maximum impulse current: the maximum impulse current that causes a change in varistor voltage when the varistor is impacted by a specific pulse current once or twice.

Wortmann electrical component characteristics

Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the change in output to the change in input of a sensor under steady-state operating conditions. It is the slope of the output-input characteristic curve. If there is a linear relationship between the sensor's output and input, then the sensitivity S is a constant. Otherwise, it will vary with changes in the input. The dimension of sensitivity is the ratio of the dimensions of the output and input quantities. When the dimensions of the sensor's output and input quantities are the same, sensitivity can be understood as the amplification factor. Increasing sensitivity can yield higher measurement precision. However, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range, and stability is often poorer.

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