Murrelektronik MVK-MPNIO DI8 (DI8) Part No. Murr 55287 Murr bus module distribution

Murr 55287 bus module is a shared data transmission device. Although multiple devices can be connected to the bus, usually only one pair of devices participates in data transmission at any given time. According to the form of information transmission, buses can be divided into parallel buses and serial buses. A parallel bus transmits n-bit binary information simultaneously using n transmission lines. Its characteristics are high transmission speed, but the system structure is more complex; it is used for connections between various components within a computer system. A serial bus shares one transmission line for multi-bit binary information, with multi-bit binary information passing through the bus in chronological order. Its characteristics are simple structure, but its transmission speed is slower. The bus must have clear specifications: Bus timing protocol, meaning that certain timing rules must be followed when transmitting information on the bus, such as synchronous bus timing, asynchronous bus timing, and semi-synchronous bus timing. Physical characteristics of the bus, including electrical characteristics of signals, power, and addresses, as well as mechanical characteristics of wiring and connectors. Bus bandwidth, which is the maximum transmission rate the bus can achieve, with the unit being MB/S. Bus module

Murr 55287 bus module features

1. The dual-bus structure oriented towards memory has higher information transmission efficiency, which is its main advantage. However, conflicts still occur when the CPU and I/O interfaces both access memory. 2. The CPU connects to high-speed local memory and local I/O interfaces via a high-transmission-rate local bus, while slower global memory and global I/O interfaces connect to a slower global bus, thereby balancing high-speed and slow-speed devices so they do not interfere with each other. 3. Simplifies hardware design. It facilitates the use of modular structure design methods. Microcomputer design oriented towards the bus only requires making cpu plug-in cards, memory plug-in cards, and I/O plug-in cards according to these regulations; connecting them to the bus allows them to work without considering the detailed operation of the bus. 4. Simplifies system structure. The entire system structure is clear. There are few connections, and backplane wiring can be printed. 5. Good system expandability. First is scale expansion, which only requires inserting more plug-in cards of the same type. Second is function expansion, which only requires designing new plug-in cards according to bus standards; the position where the plug-in card is inserted into the machine often has no strict limitations. 6. Good system update performance. Because the cpu, memory, I/O interfaces, etc., are connected to the bus according to bus protocols, as long as the bus design is appropriate, new plug-in cards can be designed at any time following advances in processor chips and other related chips. Inserting new plug-in cards into the backplane updates the system, and other plug-in cards and backplane wiring generally do not need to be changed. 12. Facilitates fault diagnosis and maintenance. Using a motherboard test card can conveniently locate faulty parts and identify the bus type.

Murr 55287 bus module classification

Common data buses include ISA (ISA bus), EISA, VESA, PCI, etc. "Address bus AB" is specifically used to transmit addresses. Since addresses can only be transmitted from the CPU to external memory or I/O ports, the address bus is always unidirectional and tri-state, which differs from the data bus. The number of bits in the address bus determines the size of the memory space directly addressable by the CPU. For example, if an 8-bit microcomputer has an 16-bit address bus, its maximum addressable space is 2^16=64KB. An 16-bit microcomputer (x-bit processor refers to the number of bits (1, 0) the microprocessor can process in one clock cycle, i.e., the word size) has an 20-bit address bus, and its addressable space is 2^20=1MB. Generally, if the address bus is n bits, the addressable space is 2^n bytes. "Control bus CB" is used to transmit control signals and timing signals. Among control signals, some are sent by the microprocessor to memory and I/O interface circuits, such as read/write signals, chip select signals, and interrupt response signals; others are fed back to the CPU by other components, such as interrupt request signals, reset signals, bus request signals, and device ready signals. Therefore, the transmission direction of the control bus is determined by the specific control signal; (information) is generally bidirectional, and the number of bits in the control bus depends on the actual control needs of the system. In fact, the specific situation of the control bus mainly depends on the CPU. According to the method of data transmission, it can be divided into serial buses and parallel buses. In a serial bus, binary data is sent bit by bit through a single data line to the destination device; a parallel bus typically has more than 2 data lines. Common serial buses include SPI, I2C, USB, and RS232. According to whether the clock signal is independent, it can be divided into synchronous buses and asynchronous buses. The clock signal of a synchronous bus is independent of the data, while the clock signal of an asynchronous bus is extracted from the data. SPI and I2C are synchronous serial buses, and RS232 uses an asynchronous serial bus.

Murr 55287 bus module operation

A bus operation process completes the transmission of information between two modules. The master module initiates the operation process, and the other is the slave module. At any given time, only one master module can occupy the bus. Bus operation steps: The master module requests bus control, and the bus controller makes the arbitration. Bus operation steps: After obtaining bus control, the master module addresses the slave module, and data transmission occurs after confirmation by the slave module. Error checking of data transmission. Bus timing protocol: Timing protocols ensure synchronized operation and correct transmission for both parties involved in data transfer. There are three types of timing protocols: Synchronous bus timing: All modules on the bus share the same clock pulse to control the operation process. All actions of each module occur at the beginning of the clock cycle, and most actions are completed within one clock cycle. Asynchronous bus timing: The occurrence of an operation is determined by specific signals from the source or destination module. The occurrence of an event on the bus depends on the occurrence of the previous event, with both parties providing handshake signals to each other. Semi-synchronous bus timing: The time intervals between operations on the bus can vary but must be integer multiples of the clock cycle. The appearance, sampling, and termination of signals are still based on a common clock. ISA bus adopts this timing method. Data transmission types: Divided into single-cycle mode and burst (burst) mode. Single-cycle mode: Only one data item is transmitted per bus cycle. Burst mode: Multiple data items are transmitted after obtaining master line control. Addressing is provided during addressing.

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