SCHNUK switch Germany SCHNUK model SCHNUK price

SCHNUK switch is a device that converts optical signals into electrical signals. Its working principle is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons in a material absorb the energy of photons when light shines on certain substances, resulting in corresponding electrical effects. Based on the different phenomena of the photoelectric effect, it is divided into three categories: external photoelectric effect, internal photoelectric effect, and photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric devices include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and solar cells. The performance and characteristic curves of photoelectric devices are analyzed.

SCHNUK switch classification

1) Contact switches: The contacts of contact switches are actuated by the contact and compression of two objects. Common types include limit switches and two-dimensional matrix position switches. Limit switches have a simple structure, reliable operation, and low cost. When an object moves and touches a limit switch, its internal contacts actuate to complete control. For example, if limit switches are installed at both ends of the X, Y, and Z axes of a machining center, the travel range can be controlled. Two-dimensional matrix position switches are installed inside mechanical grippers to detect the contact position with an object. 2) Proximity switches: A proximity switch is a switch that emits an "actuation" signal when an object approaches within a set distance, without requiring direct contact. There are many types of proximity switches, mainly including electromagnetic, photoelectric, differential transformer, eddy current, capacitive, reed switch, and Hall effect types. The application of proximity switches in CNC machine tools mainly includes tool selection control for tool turrets, worktable travel control, and piston stroke control for hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders.

SCHNUK switch working principle

The crankshaft position switch is usually installed at the front end of the crankshaft (at the pulley), at the rear end near the large flywheel, or in the middle of the crankshaft. In early vehicle models, it was also installed inside the distributor. It is one of the most important switches in the control system. Its functions include: detecting engine speed, hence it is also called a speed switch; detecting the top dead center (TDC) position of the piston, hence it is also called a TDC switch. This includes detecting the TDC signal for each cylinder used to control ignition, and the TDC signal for the first cylinder used to control sequential fuel injection.

SCHNUK switch industry applications

1) Brushless DC motor: The position switch is one of the three main components of a brushless DC motor system and is the main feature distinguishing it from brushed DC motors. Its function is to detect the position of the main rotor during motion, convert the position signal of the rotor magnet poles into an electrical signal, and provide correct commutation information to the logic switching circuit. This controls their conduction and cutoff, causing the current in the motor armature windings to commutate sequentially as the rotor position changes, forming a stepwise rotating magnetic field in the air gap that drives the permanent magnet rotor to rotate continuously. Brushless DC motors require position switches to measure rotor position. The motor controller accepts position switch signals to synchronize inverter commutation with the rotor, driving continuous motor operation. Although brushless DC motors can also detect rotor position via the back electromotive force (back-EMF) generated by the stator windings, thereby eliminating the need for position switches, the motor speed is too low at startup, and the back-EMF signal is too weak to be detected. Hall effect switch chips used as position switches for brushless DC motors are divided into switching type and latching type. For electric bicycle motors, both types of Hall effect switch chips can be used to accurately measure the position of the rotor magnets. The performance of brushless DC motors made with these two types of Hall effect switch chips, including output power, efficiency, and torque, shows no difference, and they are compatible with the same motor controllers. The application of position switches reduces motor operating noise, improves motor life and performance, and achieves energy savings. The application of position switches undoubtedly provides strong impetus to the development of the motor market. 2) Crankshaft and camshaft: The function of the position switch is to collect crankshaft rotation angle and engine speed signals and input them to the electronic control unit (ECu) to determine ignition timing and fuel injection timing. To distinguish it from the crankshaft position switch (CPS), the camshaft position switch is generally denoted by CIS. The function of the camshaft position switch is to collect the position signal of the camshaft and input it to ECU, so that ECU can identify the compression TDC of cylinder 1, thereby performing sequential fuel injection control, ignition timing control, and knock control. In addition, the camshaft position signal is used to identify the first ignition timing during engine start-up. Because the camshaft position switch can identify which cylinder's piston is about to reach top dead center, it is called a cylinder identification switch.

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