BERNSTEIN switch, German BERNSTEIN model, BERNSTEIN price

BERNSTEIN switch is a switch that measures the operating speed of the measured object and converts it into an output signal. Speed measurement switches include linear speed measurement switches and rotational speed measurement switches. With technological development, traditional measuring equipment can no longer meet current needs and has gradually been phased out, while laser speed measurement switches are widely used. They play an important role in product manufacturing processes; by connecting to a computer, they enable automated and intelligent measurement control of the measured object. This is the product of the combination of modern measurement technology and computer technology.

BERNSTEIN switch classification

1) Laser speed measurement: With the rise of precision manufacturing and the need for cost savings, non-contact speed measurement switches will gradually replace contact speed measurement switches. The most common and high-precision non-contact laser speed measurement switch on the market today is the ZLS-Px aberration speed measurement switch. The aberration speed measurement switch has two ports: one emission port emitting a LED light source, and one high-speed imaging port for CCD area high-speed imaging comparison. By comparing images at two points in time within an extremely short period, the distance moved by the measured object is determined, and combined with internal algorithms, the speed of the measured object is output in real time. As shown in the figure, (1) LED light emission port, (2) camera reception port, (3), (4) terminal blocks, (5) mounting screw holes. (1) The LED light emission port emits laser light toward the measured object, which reflects to the (2) camera reception port. Upon receiving the signal, it is transmitted to the signal processor, which calculates the speed via algorithms. The ZLS-Px aberration speed measurement switch can simultaneously measure speed and length in two directions. It not only detects whether the measured object has stopped but also detects its direction of motion. Mount the switch on a stable bracket to ensure that the rotating object does not generate excessive vibration during rotation, thereby allowing measurement of the rotation angle and rotational speed of the measured object. 2) Radar speed measurement: Traditional speed measurement mostly involves rotational motion speed measurement and linear motion speed measurement. However, there are many irregular speed measurement scenarios in industrial automation, such as athlete speed measurement, traffic vehicle speed measurement, and golf ball speed measurement. Radar speed measurement switches can meet these requirements.

BERNSTEIN switch principle

A transmissive speed sensor consists of a slotted or perforated disk, a light source, and a phototube. When the disk rotates with the shaft under test, light can only reach the phototube through the holes or slots. When the phototube is illuminated, its reverse resistance is very low, thus outputting an electrical pulse signal. When the light source is blocked by the disk, the reverse resistance of the phototube is very high, and there is no signal output at the output terminal. In this way, based on the number of holes or slots on the disk, the rotational speed of the shaft under test can be measured. The number of holes or slots on the disk is usually set to sixty, so for each revolution of the shaft under test, the photoelectric converter outputs 60 pulse signals. If the time base signal of the electronic counter is set to 1s, the rotational speed of the shaft under test can be read directly. The principle of a reflective speed sensor is the same as that of a transmissive one; it converts changes in received light into changes in electrical signals via a phototube, but it obtains pulse signals through light reflection, typically by attaching reflective material to the measurement area of the shaft under test to form a reflective surface. Commonly used reflective materials are special-purpose speed-measuring reflective tape (adhesive tape); aluminum foil or other reflective materials can also be used as substitutes; sometimes white paint can be applied to the measurement area to serve as a reflective surface. The emitter and the reflecting surface must be properly configured, typically with a distance of 5-15M between them. When the measured shaft rotates, the photoelectric element receives pulsating light, and outputs the corresponding electrical signal to the electronic counter, thereby measuring the rotational speed of the measured shaft. The waveform of the output signal from the photoelectric speed switch is relatively regular, close to a standard square wave, with virtually no interference signals generated. However, for transmissive types, vibration reduces the service life of the light source, so they are not suitable for use under conditions with strong vibration. The reflective type has no mechanical connection with the measured shaft, making it convenient to use.

BERNSTEIN switch industry applications

1) Modern vehicles are generally equipped with engine control, autonomous driving, ABS, TRC, automatic door locking, active suspension, guidance systems, electronic instruments, and other devices, all of which require vehicle speed signals. Therefore, the accuracy and stability of the output signal from the vehicle speed measurement switch will greatly affect these control units. Vehicle speed switches mostly adopt a Hall-effect structure. A Hall speed switch is a magnetoelectric switch based on the Hall effect, featuring high magnetic field sensitivity, stable output signal, high frequency response, strong electromagnetic interference immunity, simple structure, and ease of use. It mainly consists of permanent magnets with a specific number of pole pairs (generally 4 or 8 pairs), Hall elements, a rotating mechanism, and input/output connectors. Its working principle is that when the switch's rotating mechanism is driven externally, it rotates the permanent magnet, causing periodic changes in the magnetic field passing through the Hall element. This induces voltage changes in the Hall element, which are processed by subsequent circuits to form stable pulse voltage signals as the output of the speed switch. Key electrical technical parameters for Hall-structure speed switches include: output signal high voltage, low voltage, duty cycle, period, rise time, fall time, and pulses per cycle. To ensure product performance reliability, these parameters must be quantitatively tested before factory shipment. Test systems featuring integration and intelligence, efficient automatic measurement, software calculation, and graphical or tabular display of results are increasingly favored by automotive speed switch manufacturers. A comprehensive testing device has been developed for performance measurement of common Hall-effect vehicle speed switches. Considering costs, the high-speed counter port of a microprocessor is used for data acquisition from the vehicle speed switch, and software control is used to calculate and graphically display the acquired data. The completed testing device offers advantages such as high test accuracy, reliable data communication, a user-friendly graphical interface, strong anti-interference capability, simple and intuitive detection process, and low system development cost. It has good market promotion potential, indicating significant application prospects for speed switches in vehicle speed detection. 2) Belt conveyor speed switches use Hall switches, which utilize the Hall effect for magnetoelectric conversion. Since the discovery of the Hall effect in 1879, it has undergone more than 100 years of development. However, its application gained attention and widespread use in the 50s of this century due to the rapid development of microelectronics, leading to the continuous development of various Hall elements. China began increasing research on Hall elements in the 20s of the 70th century. After decades of research and development, various types of Hall elements can now be produced, such as standard type, high-sensitivity type, low temperature coefficient type, temperature/magnetic measurement type, and switching type. Due to characteristics such as high sensitivity, good linearity, high stability, small size, and high temperature resistance, Hall switches are widely used in various industrial fields including non-electrical quantity measurement and automatic control, computer devices, and modern military technology.

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