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AECO switches are a general term for switches that replace contact-based detection methods such as limit switches, with the purpose of detecting objects without physical contact. They convert information about an object's movement and presence into electrical signals. Detection methods that convert to electrical signals include those utilizing eddy currents generated in the metallic body of the detected object due to electromagnetic induction, those utilizing capacitance changes in electrical signals caused by the approach of the detected object, and those utilizing reed and guided switches.

AECO switch detection principle

It detects magnetic losses caused by eddy currents generated on the surface of a conductor under the influence of an external magnetic field. This method involves generating an alternating magnetic field within the detection coil and detecting impedance changes caused by eddy currents generated in the metallic body of the detected object. Additionally, other methods include aluminum detection switches that detect frequency phase components, and all-metal switches that detect only impedance change components through the operating coil. A transformer state occurs on the surfaces of both the detected object side and the switch side.

AECO switch classification

1) Capacitive proximity switch: This is a capacitive proximity switch with an electrode as the detection terminal, consisting of a high-frequency oscillation circuit, detection circuit, amplification circuit, shaping circuit, and output circuit. Normally, there is a certain capacitance between the detection electrode and ground, which becomes part of the oscillation circuit. When the detected object approaches the detection electrode, the electrode, being voltage-biased, undergoes polarization due to electrostatic induction. The closer the object is to the detection electrode, the more induced charge accumulates on it. Since the electrostatic capacitance of the detection electrode is C, the capacitance C of the detection electrode increases as the charge increases. Since the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit is inversely proportional to the capacitance, when the capacitance C increases, the oscillation weakens or even stops. These two states, oscillation and non-oscillation, are converted by the detection circuit into switch signals for output. 2) Inductive proximity switch: Consists of a high-frequency oscillation circuit, detection circuit, amplification circuit, shaping circuit, and output circuit. The sensitive element for detection is the detection coil, which is part of the oscillation circuit. The oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit is . When alternating current flows through the detection coil, an alternating magnetic field is generated around it. When a metal object approaches the detection coil, eddy currents are generated in the metal object, absorbing magnetic energy and causing the inductance L of the detection coil to change. This reduces the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit, potentially stopping oscillation. The oscillation and non-oscillation states are converted by the monitoring circuit into switch signal outputs. Note: Similar to capacitive proximity switches, inductive proximity switches detect metallic conductors; non-metallic conductors cannot be measured using this method. Amplitude changes vary with the type of target metal, so the detection distance also varies with the type of target metal. 3) Photoelectric proximity switch: The beam axis of the light-emitting diode (or semiconductor laser diode) and the axis of the phototransistor lie in the same plane and form a specific angle, with the two axes intersecting at a point in front of the switch. When the surface of the detected object approaches the intersection point, reflected light from the LED is received by the phototransistor, generating an electrical signal. When the object moves away from the intersection point, the reflection area falls outside the phototransistor's field of view, and the detection circuit produces no output. Generally, the drive current supplied to the LED is not direct current but alternating current of a specific frequency, so the receiving circuit also receives an alternating signal of the same frequency. Filtering the received signal to allow only signals of the same frequency to pass effectively prevents interference from other ambient light and can increase the luminous intensity of the LED.

AECO switch applications

Proximity switches are mainly used to detect object displacement and are widely applied in aviation, aerospace technology, and industrial production. In daily life, they are used in automatic doors and automatic heaters in hotels, restaurants, and garages. For security and anti-theft purposes, important locations such as archives, accounting departments, financial institutions, museums, and vaults are typically equipped with anti-theft devices composed of various proximity switches. In measurement technology, they are used for length and position measurement; in control technology, they are extensively used for the measurement and control of displacement, speed, and acceleration.

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