PILZ controller, German PILZ model, PILZ price

The PILZ controller uses a chip to process and control the switches at various positions in the LED lamp circuit. There are two types of controllers with different structures due to different design methods. A micro-operation is an operation that cannot be further decomposed; performing a micro-operation always requires a corresponding control signal (called a micro-operation control signal or micro-operation command). A digital computer can basically be divided into two main parts: the control unit and the execution unit. The controller is the control unit, while the arithmetic logic unit, memory, and peripheral devices are the execution units relative to the controller. One connection between the control unit and the execution unit is through control lines. The control unit sends various control commands to the execution unit via control lines; these control commands are usually called micro-commands, and the operations performed by the execution unit after receiving the micro-commands are called micro-operations. Another connection between the control unit and the execution unit is feedback information. The execution unit reflects the operation status to the control unit through feedback lines, so that the control unit can issue new micro-commands based on the state of the execution unit; this is also called "status testing". Micro-operations are basic operations within the execution unit.

PILZ controller types

1) Low-voltage LED product controller: Low-voltage LED products are generally designed for a voltage of 12V-36V, with 3-6 LEDs connected in series per circuit, using resistors for voltage reduction and current limiting, with each circuit current below 20mA. A LED product consists of multiple circuits of LEDs. Advantages include low voltage, simple structure, and ease of design; disadvantages include high current when the product scale is large, requiring a low-voltage switching power supply. Due to these limitations, low-voltage systems cannot transmit power over long distances and are limited to small-volume products, such as sign text and small patterns. Based on these characteristics, the controller design specifications are: for 12V, use 75A/30V MOS power transistors for control, with an output current of 8A per circuit; for 24-36V, use 60A/50V MOS power transistors for control, with an output current of 5A per circuit. Users can select the number of controller circuits based on the above specifications; for jumping effects, choose the NE20 low-voltage series, and for gradient effects, choose the NE10 low-voltage series controller. Note that the LEDs must use a common anode (+) connection method, with the controller controlling the cathode (-); the controller does not include a low-voltage power supply. 2) High-voltage LED product controller: High-voltage LED products are designed for AC/DC 220V voltage, with 36-48 LEDs connected in series per circuit, and each circuit current below 20mA. There are two current-limiting methods: one is resistor current limiting, which results in high resistor power consumption; it is recommended to connect one 1/4W metal film resistor in series for every 4 LEDs to distribute heat evenly, as this connection is the most stable and reliable; the other is resistor-capacitor series current limiting, where most of the voltage drop occurs across the capacitor, resulting in low resistor power consumption. This method can only be used for stable continuous lighting; if flashing occurs, the capacitor stores energy, causing the voltage to double, which can easily damage the LEDs. All LEDs using a controller must use the resistor current-limiting method. LEDs are generally one meter per circuit, with a power of 5W, and three-color power per meter is 15W. Common gradient controllers include NE112K for controlling DC 1200W, NE103D for AC loads 4500W and DC loads 1500W. If there are many flashing tube units, use NE112K; if only overall flashing is required, use NE103D. If using the gradient method, pay attention to load matching; neon lights and LEDs have different luminous distribution characteristics, and different types of loads should not be mixed in the same circuit. 3) Low-voltage serial controller: The characteristic of low-voltage LED product serial controllers is the large number of control circuits, achieving control through serial signal transmission. Generally, controlling 512 units requires only 4 control lines. Serial LED controllers require registers on the LED light source board. The controller model NE040S can be selected, with a maximum capacity of 4096KBit. If the load is 512 units of LEDs, it can achieve a maximum of 8192 frames. Additionally, there are controllers used in the safety industry, which are devices that control detectors to monitor gas within various working intervals.

PILZ controller structure

Instruction Register: A register used to store the instruction currently being executed or about to be executed. The instruction contains an opcode that determines the operation type and an address that indicates the source or destination of the operand. Instruction length varies with different computers, and the length of the instruction register varies accordingly. All computer operations are executed after analyzing the instructions stored in the instruction register. The input end of the instruction register receives instructions from memory, and the output end of the instruction register is divided into two parts. The opcode part is sent to the decoding circuit for analysis to indicate what type of operation this instruction should perform; the address part is sent to the address adder to generate the effective address, which is then sent to memory as the address for fetching or storing data. Memory can refer to main memory, cache, or register stacks used to store the instruction currently being executed. When executing an instruction, it is first fetched from memory into the data register (DR), and then transferred to IR. Instructions are divided into opcode and address code fields, composed of binary digits. To execute any given instruction, the opcode must be tested to identify the required operation. The instruction decoder performs this task. The output of the opcode field in the instruction register is the input to the instruction decoder. Once the opcode is decoded, it can send specific signals for specific operations to the operation controller. Program Counter: A counter that specifies the address of the next instruction to be executed in the program, also known as the instruction counter. It combines the functions of an instruction address register and a counter. When an instruction is completed, the program counter, acting as the instruction address register, must have its content changed to the address of the next instruction, allowing the program to continue running.

PILZ controller applications

With the continuous improvement of medical equipment technology, microcontrollers have begun to be widely used in medical equipment, mainly reflected in: First, intelligent monitoring of patients' physical characteristic data, where some medical equipment can be installed on patients to collect their physical data and interact with backend control systems. If abnormalities in patients' physical characteristics are detected, alarms are generated promptly. For example, some medical equipment can monitor patients' heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, etc., and promptly call doctors for treatment if abnormalities are found; Second, intelligent electronic devices are also used during surgical procedures. For example, some surgeries require entering the patient's body. Without open surgery, the surgical process can be completed by controlling intelligent devices, further reducing patient pain and accelerating recovery; Third, intelligent health checkup data analysis equipment, where user health checkup data can be entered and input into analysis equipment. By comparing with normal data, it can promptly predict and diagnose user diseases. With the continuous improvement of China's medical technology level, the application of microcontroller technology has become increasingly widespread, improving medical technology levels and better maintaining patient health.

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