PI controller, German PI model, PI price

PI controller refers to a master command device that controls the starting, speed regulation, braking, and reversing of an electric motor by changing the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and altering the resistance value in the circuit according to a predetermined sequence. It consists of a program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator, and operation controller. It is the "decision-making unit" that issues commands, coordinating and directing the operation of the entire computer system. Controllers are divided into combinational logic controllers and microprogrammed controllers, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Combinational logic controllers are troublesome to design and have a complex structure; once the design is completed, they cannot be modified or expanded, but they offer high speed. Microprogrammed controllers are easy to design, have a simple structure, and are convenient to modify or expand. To modify the function of a machine instruction, only the corresponding microprogram needs to be recompiled; to add a machine instruction, only a segment of microprogram needs to be added to the control memory. However, it operates by executing a segment of microcode. The specific comparison is as follows: A combinational logic controller, also known as a hardwired controller, is composed of logic circuits and relies entirely on hardware to implement instruction functions.

PI controller principle

Electromagnetic chuck controller: AC voltage 380V is stepped down by a transformer, rectified by a rectifier into 110V DC, and then enters the chuck through the control device, magnetizing the chuck. For demagnetization, reverse voltage is applied to the circuit, enabling the controller to perform the demagnetization function. Access control controller: The access control controller operates in two modes: inspection mode and identification mode. In inspection mode, the controller continuously sends query codes to the card reader and receives responses. This mode persists until the card reader detects a card. When the card reader detects a card, it sends a different response to the controller's inspection command. In this response, the card reader transmits the internal code data read from the proximity card to the access control controller, causing the controller to enter identification mode. In identification mode, the access control controller analyzes the proximity card's internal code, compares it with card data stored in the device, and executes subsequent actions. After completing the data reception, the access control controller sends a response command to the card reader to restore its state, and the access control controller returns to inspection mode.

PI controller features

Microcontrollers have the following application characteristics: (1) Good level of integration; (2) Small physical size; (3) Powerful control functions with low operating voltage; (4) Easy portability and high cost-performance ratio. Microcontrollers are mainly applied in the following fields: office automation, mechatronics, advanced weapons and national defense, aerospace, automotive electronics, medical equipment, commercial marketing equipment, computer communications, home appliances, daily life, and real-time control. The characteristics of microcontrollers can be summarized as follows: high integration, large storage capacity, strong external expansion capability, and powerful control functions.

PI controller applications

To better improve the intelligence of smart electronic devices, humans can be allowed to control them using simple language, achieving the goal of voice-based human-computer interaction. Currently, voice processing chips have been developed and are being used in smart electronic devices. The application of microcontrollers in smart voice devices is mainly divided into two parts: First, in software configuration, since microcontrollers can handle business logic through programming, they can operate the smart voice processing process. For example, in navigation smart electronic devices, road names and distances can be extracted and broadcast; additionally, different celebrity voices can be selected for broadcasting, truly realizing intelligent customized operations to better meet user needs. Second, in hardware design, since smart voice devices consume significant resources, microcontroller technology is used to dynamically control product power to extend standby time and further reduce power consumption. Meanwhile, microcontroller technology can improve hardware response time, further enhancing user experience.

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