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The Phoenix controller feeds back part or all of the control system's output to the input end via specific methods and devices, compares the feedback information with the original input, and applies the comparison result to control the system, preventing deviation from the set target. Closed-loop control systems utilize negative feedback. This is an automatic control system forming a closed loop through the forward signal path and the feedback path, also known as a feedback control system. Closed-loop control systems have the following characteristics in control: since the feedback quantity of the output signal is compared with the input quantity to generate a deviation signal, this deviation signal is used to control or regulate the output quantity. Therefore, the system's output can automatically track the input, reducing tracking error, improving control accuracy, and suppressing the influence of disturbance signals. In addition, closed-loop control systems formed by negative feedback have other advantages: the introduction of the feedback path makes the system insensitive to changes in component parameters in the forward path, thereby lowering the precision requirements for components in the forward path; the feedback action can also make the entire system insensitive to certain nonlinear effects.

Phoenix controller composition

(1) Reference element: provides the input quantity corresponding to the desired output. 2) Comparison element: calculates the deviation between the input quantity and the feedback quantity, often implemented using integrated operational amplifiers (op-amps). 3) Amplification element: since the deviation signal is generally small and insufficient to drive the load, an amplification element is required, including voltage amplification and power amplification. 4) Actuating element: directly drives the controlled object to change the output quantity. Common examples include motors, control valves, and hydraulic motors. 5) Measurement element: detects the controlled variable and converts it into the required electrical signal. Commonly used in control systems are tachogenerators and optical encoders for speed detection; resolvers and synchros for position and angle detection; current transformers for current detection; and thermocouples for temperature detection. These detection devices generally convert the measured physical quantities into corresponding continuous or discrete voltage or current signals. 6) Correction element: also called a compensation element, it is a component with adjustable structure and parameters, connected in series or via feedback in the system to perform required computational functions and improve system performance. Depending on its position in the system, it is referred to as a series correction element or a feedback correction element.

Phoenix controller applications

An automatic control system that includes power amplification and feedback, causing the output variable to respond to the input variable. After the CNC device issues command pulses, when the command value is sent to the position comparison circuit, if the worktable has not moved (i.e., there is no position feedback signal), the command value causes the servo drive motor to rotate, driving the machine tool worktable via transmission components such as gears and ball screw nut pairs. The position measurement element mounted on the machine tool worktable measures the actual displacement of the worktable and feeds it back to the comparator in the CNC device for comparison with the command signal. The resulting difference is used for control. If a difference exists, it is amplified and used to control the rotation of the servo drive motor until the difference is zero, at which point the worktable stops moving. This system is called a closed-loop servo system.

Phoenix controller advantages

In a feedback control system, regardless of the cause (external disturbances or internal system changes), as long as the controlled variable deviates from the specified value, a corresponding control action is generated to eliminate the deviation. Therefore, it has the ability to suppress interference, is insensitive to changes in component characteristics, and can improve the system's response characteristics. However, the introduction of a feedback loop increases system complexity, and improper gain selection can cause system instability. To improve control accuracy, when disturbance variables can be measured, disturbance-based control (i.e., feedforward control) is often used simultaneously as a supplement to feedback control to form a composite control system. Generally, open-loop control systems have a simpler structure and lower cost. The disadvantages of open-loop control systems are low control accuracy, poor interference suppression capability, and sensitivity to changes in system parameters. They are generally used in applications where external influences can be ignored or precision requirements are not high, such as washing machines, stepper motor control devices, and water level regulation systems. In closed-loop control systems, whether due to changes in the input signal, the influence of interference, or changes in internal system parameters, as long as the controlled variable deviates from the specified value, a corresponding action is generated to eliminate the deviation. Therefore, closed-loop control has strong interference suppression capabilities. Compared with open-loop control, the system is less sensitive to parameter changes, allowing the use of less precise components to construct a more precise control system, achieving satisfactory dynamic characteristics and control accuracy. However, adopting feedback devices requires additional components, resulting in higher costs and increased system complexity. If the system's structural parameters are not selected appropriately, the control process may deteriorate significantly, even leading to unstable conditions such as oscillation or divergence. Therefore, analyzing the system and reasonably selecting its structure and parameters to achieve satisfactory system performance is a key problem that automatic control theory must address.

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